Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil

The aim of this study was to produce edible films using ovine second cheese whey (SCW) powder, alone or combined with whey protein isolate (WPI). SCW is a by-product obtained in the manufacture of ovine whey cheeses. In this instance, it was dehydrated after increasing the protein concentration by u...

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Main Authors: Arona Pires, Angel Cobos, Carlos Pereira, Olga Díaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5325
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author Arona Pires
Angel Cobos
Carlos Pereira
Olga Díaz
author_facet Arona Pires
Angel Cobos
Carlos Pereira
Olga Díaz
author_sort Arona Pires
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this study was to produce edible films using ovine second cheese whey (SCW) powder, alone or combined with whey protein isolate (WPI). SCW is a by-product obtained in the manufacture of ovine whey cheeses. In this instance, it was dehydrated after increasing the protein concentration by ultrafiltration/diafiltration. Furthermore, the effects of the addition of oregano (<i>Origanum compactum</i>) essential oil (EO) in two proportions to the films produced with a mixture of SCW powder and WPI were studied. The water vapor permeability, solubility, color, opacity, antioxidant activity, and the mechanical properties of the films were determined. In addition, we determined the films’ structure, by FTIR; thermal stability, by TGA; and microstructure and crystallinity, by XRD. SCW combined with WPI can be used to prepare edible films, but their properties were found to be affected depending on the proportion of each product. The substitution of WPI by SCW caused decreases in water solubility (from 81.44 to 66.49% D.M.), modified the color and decreased tensile strength (from 1.57 to 0.17 MPa), and decreased the elongation at break (from 52.17 to 3.57%), the puncture strength (from 2.40 to 0.20 MPa) and the deformation (from 18.92 to 0.93%) of the films. EO addition to the SCW–WPI films increased the antioxidant activity of the films (from 0.97 to 2.19 mg DPPH/g). It also modified other characteristics of the films such as the water solubility and the tensile strength. Both SCW and EO incorporations influenced the secondary structure of proteins and the thermal stability, microstructure and crystallinity of the films.
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spelling doaj-art-41df0a85165648188a8cd59d343eba5e2025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011510532510.3390/app15105325Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential OilArona Pires0Angel Cobos1Carlos Pereira2Olga Díaz3Área de Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainÁrea de Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainSchool of Agriculture, Bencanta, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, PortugalÁrea de Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainThe aim of this study was to produce edible films using ovine second cheese whey (SCW) powder, alone or combined with whey protein isolate (WPI). SCW is a by-product obtained in the manufacture of ovine whey cheeses. In this instance, it was dehydrated after increasing the protein concentration by ultrafiltration/diafiltration. Furthermore, the effects of the addition of oregano (<i>Origanum compactum</i>) essential oil (EO) in two proportions to the films produced with a mixture of SCW powder and WPI were studied. The water vapor permeability, solubility, color, opacity, antioxidant activity, and the mechanical properties of the films were determined. In addition, we determined the films’ structure, by FTIR; thermal stability, by TGA; and microstructure and crystallinity, by XRD. SCW combined with WPI can be used to prepare edible films, but their properties were found to be affected depending on the proportion of each product. The substitution of WPI by SCW caused decreases in water solubility (from 81.44 to 66.49% D.M.), modified the color and decreased tensile strength (from 1.57 to 0.17 MPa), and decreased the elongation at break (from 52.17 to 3.57%), the puncture strength (from 2.40 to 0.20 MPa) and the deformation (from 18.92 to 0.93%) of the films. EO addition to the SCW–WPI films increased the antioxidant activity of the films (from 0.97 to 2.19 mg DPPH/g). It also modified other characteristics of the films such as the water solubility and the tensile strength. Both SCW and EO incorporations influenced the secondary structure of proteins and the thermal stability, microstructure and crystallinity of the films.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5325edible packagingsheep cheese wheyessential oilsantioxidantmechanical propertiesFTIR
spellingShingle Arona Pires
Angel Cobos
Carlos Pereira
Olga Díaz
Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil
Applied Sciences
edible packaging
sheep cheese whey
essential oils
antioxidant
mechanical properties
FTIR
title Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil
title_full Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil
title_fullStr Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil
title_full_unstemmed Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil
title_short Edible Films Based on Ovine Second Cheese Whey with Oregano Essential Oil
title_sort edible films based on ovine second cheese whey with oregano essential oil
topic edible packaging
sheep cheese whey
essential oils
antioxidant
mechanical properties
FTIR
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5325
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AT olgadiaz ediblefilmsbasedonovinesecondcheesewheywithoreganoessentialoil