Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand

Rapid urbanisation and a growing population have led to a huge production of solid waste worldwide. To mitigate solid wastes, Thailand adapts incineration. As a consequence, a variety of fly ashes being produced in large quantities. Fly ash management is therefore a risk for the future. A comparison...

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Main Authors: Raji Muthuraja, Chatpong Na Pombhejara, Sunantha Ganesan, Chodchanok Attaphong, Nattaya Morawan, Juckrit Vicheanteab, Dao Janjaroen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024015524
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author Raji Muthuraja
Chatpong Na Pombhejara
Sunantha Ganesan
Chodchanok Attaphong
Nattaya Morawan
Juckrit Vicheanteab
Dao Janjaroen
author_facet Raji Muthuraja
Chatpong Na Pombhejara
Sunantha Ganesan
Chodchanok Attaphong
Nattaya Morawan
Juckrit Vicheanteab
Dao Janjaroen
author_sort Raji Muthuraja
collection DOAJ
description Rapid urbanisation and a growing population have led to a huge production of solid waste worldwide. To mitigate solid wastes, Thailand adapts incineration. As a consequence, a variety of fly ashes being produced in large quantities. Fly ash management is therefore a risk for the future. A comparison of the chemical and physical properties of five sources of ashes from the waste incinerators in three regions in Thailand, namely MFA1, MFA2, IFA, and fly ash that used in a ready-mixed concrete plant, CFA1 and CFA2 was conducted. Additionally, bottom ashes, MBA1, MBA2 and IBA were also characterized similarly. The analysis showed that coal fly ash from ready mixed concrete plant of CFA1 and CFA2 were classified under class F and C, respectively. The heavy metal analysis showed that fly ash from MFA1 and IFA has high amount of Zn (7,523 mg/kg and 28,315 mg/kg), followed by MFA1 has high amount of cadmium (127 mg/kg) and MFA1 and IFA showed high concentration of lead (1,955 mg/kg and 1,425 mg/kg). The present study show that fly ash often contains heavy metals, dioxins, and other hazardous substances, highlighting the need for detailed analysis to determine proper handling and disposal methods. Advanced classification systems, which may include parameters such as leaching behavior, particle size distribution, and contaminant concentrations, are essential for categorizing fly ash into appropriate management pathways, such as landfilling, resource recovery, or reuse in construction materials.
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spelling doaj-art-41d3bcfccffe4a7e844ba348c9c3d8242025-08-20T01:58:16ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-012410332510.1016/j.rineng.2024.103325Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in ThailandRaji Muthuraja0Chatpong Na Pombhejara1Sunantha Ganesan2Chodchanok Attaphong3Nattaya Morawan4Juckrit Vicheanteab5Dao Janjaroen6Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandSchool of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandOffice of Research Affairs (ORA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10520, ThailandDepartment of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Professor Aroon Sorathesn Center of Excellence in Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Corresponding author at: Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.Rapid urbanisation and a growing population have led to a huge production of solid waste worldwide. To mitigate solid wastes, Thailand adapts incineration. As a consequence, a variety of fly ashes being produced in large quantities. Fly ash management is therefore a risk for the future. A comparison of the chemical and physical properties of five sources of ashes from the waste incinerators in three regions in Thailand, namely MFA1, MFA2, IFA, and fly ash that used in a ready-mixed concrete plant, CFA1 and CFA2 was conducted. Additionally, bottom ashes, MBA1, MBA2 and IBA were also characterized similarly. The analysis showed that coal fly ash from ready mixed concrete plant of CFA1 and CFA2 were classified under class F and C, respectively. The heavy metal analysis showed that fly ash from MFA1 and IFA has high amount of Zn (7,523 mg/kg and 28,315 mg/kg), followed by MFA1 has high amount of cadmium (127 mg/kg) and MFA1 and IFA showed high concentration of lead (1,955 mg/kg and 1,425 mg/kg). The present study show that fly ash often contains heavy metals, dioxins, and other hazardous substances, highlighting the need for detailed analysis to determine proper handling and disposal methods. Advanced classification systems, which may include parameters such as leaching behavior, particle size distribution, and contaminant concentrations, are essential for categorizing fly ash into appropriate management pathways, such as landfilling, resource recovery, or reuse in construction materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024015524Fly ashHeavy metalsIncinerationLeachingMunicipal solid waste
spellingShingle Raji Muthuraja
Chatpong Na Pombhejara
Sunantha Ganesan
Chodchanok Attaphong
Nattaya Morawan
Juckrit Vicheanteab
Dao Janjaroen
Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
Results in Engineering
Fly ash
Heavy metals
Incineration
Leaching
Municipal solid waste
title Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
title_full Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
title_fullStr Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
title_short Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
title_sort assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in thailand
topic Fly ash
Heavy metals
Incineration
Leaching
Municipal solid waste
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024015524
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