Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile

Abstract Conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics, especially in electronic textiles (e-textiles) used as skin-interfaced sensors and interconnects. Achieving sustainable e-textiles with integrated toughness, waterproofing, and washability remains challenging. We present waterproof c...

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Main Authors: Hansu Kim, Jun-Gyu Choi, Taeyeon Oh, Inho Lee, Hyeongbeom Lee, Hanbit Jin, Chan-Hwa Hong, Hye Jin Kim, Tae-Wook Kim, Sungjun Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:npj Flexible Electronics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00399-3
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author Hansu Kim
Jun-Gyu Choi
Taeyeon Oh
Inho Lee
Hyeongbeom Lee
Hanbit Jin
Chan-Hwa Hong
Hye Jin Kim
Tae-Wook Kim
Sungjun Park
author_facet Hansu Kim
Jun-Gyu Choi
Taeyeon Oh
Inho Lee
Hyeongbeom Lee
Hanbit Jin
Chan-Hwa Hong
Hye Jin Kim
Tae-Wook Kim
Sungjun Park
author_sort Hansu Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics, especially in electronic textiles (e-textiles) used as skin-interfaced sensors and interconnects. Achieving sustainable e-textiles with integrated toughness, waterproofing, and washability remains challenging. We present waterproof conductive tough fibers (CTFs) fabricated via a scalable, continuous capillary tube-assisted coating (CTAC) process. The multilayered CTFs demonstrate a conductivity of 6.42 kS/cm, Young’s modulus of 6.22 MPa, toughness of 9.40 × 105 J/m3, and 70% strain at break. With lengths exceeding 20 m, a native oxide layer on the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) shell ensures reliable waterproofing with the IPX8 standard. They also maintain consistent performance for 24 days water immersion and repeated washing up to 100 cycles, showing superior resistance retention compared to the EGaIn-absence fibers. As a proof-of-concept, they enable wireless power transfer and reliable monitoring of electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals, establishing a robust platform for sustainable e-textiles.
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issn 2397-4621
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spelling doaj-art-41cb8a24ed3044cdab4a8f79a028bb2b2025-08-20T02:08:11ZengNature Portfolionpj Flexible Electronics2397-46212025-03-01911910.1038/s41528-025-00399-3Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textileHansu Kim0Jun-Gyu Choi1Taeyeon Oh2Inho Lee3Hyeongbeom Lee4Hanbit Jin5Chan-Hwa Hong6Hye Jin Kim7Tae-Wook Kim8Sungjun Park9Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou UniversityDepartment of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou UniversityDepartment of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou UniversityDepartment of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou UniversityIntelligent Components and Sensors Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)Intelligent Components and Sensors Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)Intelligent Components and Sensors Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Jeonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou UniversityAbstract Conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics, especially in electronic textiles (e-textiles) used as skin-interfaced sensors and interconnects. Achieving sustainable e-textiles with integrated toughness, waterproofing, and washability remains challenging. We present waterproof conductive tough fibers (CTFs) fabricated via a scalable, continuous capillary tube-assisted coating (CTAC) process. The multilayered CTFs demonstrate a conductivity of 6.42 kS/cm, Young’s modulus of 6.22 MPa, toughness of 9.40 × 105 J/m3, and 70% strain at break. With lengths exceeding 20 m, a native oxide layer on the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) shell ensures reliable waterproofing with the IPX8 standard. They also maintain consistent performance for 24 days water immersion and repeated washing up to 100 cycles, showing superior resistance retention compared to the EGaIn-absence fibers. As a proof-of-concept, they enable wireless power transfer and reliable monitoring of electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals, establishing a robust platform for sustainable e-textiles.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00399-3
spellingShingle Hansu Kim
Jun-Gyu Choi
Taeyeon Oh
Inho Lee
Hyeongbeom Lee
Hanbit Jin
Chan-Hwa Hong
Hye Jin Kim
Tae-Wook Kim
Sungjun Park
Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile
npj Flexible Electronics
title Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile
title_full Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile
title_fullStr Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile
title_full_unstemmed Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile
title_short Waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e-textile
title_sort waterproof and conductive tough fibers for washable e textile
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00399-3
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