Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools

Abstract Adolescents in Nigeria face significant sexual and reproductive health risks, yet the effectiveness of existing sexuality education programs remains uncertain. Addressing these gaps is critical to improving adolescent health outcomes. This study assessed sexuality education, sexual debut, a...

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Main Authors: Tope Michael Ipinnimo, Olalekan Oladipupo Rosiji, Olumide Temitope Asake, Oluwafunmilayo Oluwadamilola Ibikunle, Motunrayo Temidayo Ipinnimo, Toluwalope Motunrayo Asake
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06360-8
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author Tope Michael Ipinnimo
Olalekan Oladipupo Rosiji
Olumide Temitope Asake
Oluwafunmilayo Oluwadamilola Ibikunle
Motunrayo Temidayo Ipinnimo
Toluwalope Motunrayo Asake
author_facet Tope Michael Ipinnimo
Olalekan Oladipupo Rosiji
Olumide Temitope Asake
Oluwafunmilayo Oluwadamilola Ibikunle
Motunrayo Temidayo Ipinnimo
Toluwalope Motunrayo Asake
author_sort Tope Michael Ipinnimo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Adolescents in Nigeria face significant sexual and reproductive health risks, yet the effectiveness of existing sexuality education programs remains uncertain. Addressing these gaps is critical to improving adolescent health outcomes. This study assessed sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors among public secondary school adolescents in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 adolescents selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a validated semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic variables, sexuality education (assessed with 13 questions exploring past sex-related discussions, sexually transmitted infection, contraceptive, and puberty), as well as engagement in sexual intercourse. Pearson chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of engagement in sexual intercourse. Approximately 36.8% (n = 140) of respondents had a good level of sexuality education. Less than one-third, 27.1% (n = 103) had ever discussed sex-related matters with their parents or guardian. About 22.1% (n = 84) had engaged in sexual intercourse, with 41.7% (n = 35) having their sexual debut before the age of 15. Predictors of engagement in sexual intercourse included being ≥ 18 years old (AOR 12.881, 95% CI 3.615–45.892), male gender (AOR 2.573, 95% CI 1.353–4.892), senior secondary school enrollment (AOR 4.201, 95% CI 1.654–10.671), polygamous family background (AOR 2.508, 95% CI 1.007–6.316), having four or more siblings (AOR 3.778, 95% CI 2.043–6.986), and higher level of sexuality education (AOR 1.829, 95% CI 1.006–6.986). A huge proportion of adolescents who engage in sexual intercourse begin early; therefore, it is crucial to target interventions to address their needs at this stage. The limited parental involvement in sexuality education must be addressed to provide adolescents with safe, accurate, and socio-culturally sensitive comprehensive sexuality education. We suggest increasing advocacy to encourage parents and guardians to openly educate their children about sexuality.
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spelling doaj-art-41c67bbf11c54395bb132d1cb4e5a7aa2025-08-20T03:03:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-06360-8Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schoolsTope Michael Ipinnimo0Olalekan Oladipupo Rosiji1Olumide Temitope Asake2Oluwafunmilayo Oluwadamilola Ibikunle3Motunrayo Temidayo Ipinnimo4Toluwalope Motunrayo Asake5Department of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching HospitalDepartment of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching HospitalMalaria ConsortiumNHIA Department, Ekiti State University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Acute Medicine, Manchester Royal InfirmaryAbstract Adolescents in Nigeria face significant sexual and reproductive health risks, yet the effectiveness of existing sexuality education programs remains uncertain. Addressing these gaps is critical to improving adolescent health outcomes. This study assessed sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors among public secondary school adolescents in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 adolescents selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a validated semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic variables, sexuality education (assessed with 13 questions exploring past sex-related discussions, sexually transmitted infection, contraceptive, and puberty), as well as engagement in sexual intercourse. Pearson chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of engagement in sexual intercourse. Approximately 36.8% (n = 140) of respondents had a good level of sexuality education. Less than one-third, 27.1% (n = 103) had ever discussed sex-related matters with their parents or guardian. About 22.1% (n = 84) had engaged in sexual intercourse, with 41.7% (n = 35) having their sexual debut before the age of 15. Predictors of engagement in sexual intercourse included being ≥ 18 years old (AOR 12.881, 95% CI 3.615–45.892), male gender (AOR 2.573, 95% CI 1.353–4.892), senior secondary school enrollment (AOR 4.201, 95% CI 1.654–10.671), polygamous family background (AOR 2.508, 95% CI 1.007–6.316), having four or more siblings (AOR 3.778, 95% CI 2.043–6.986), and higher level of sexuality education (AOR 1.829, 95% CI 1.006–6.986). A huge proportion of adolescents who engage in sexual intercourse begin early; therefore, it is crucial to target interventions to address their needs at this stage. The limited parental involvement in sexuality education must be addressed to provide adolescents with safe, accurate, and socio-culturally sensitive comprehensive sexuality education. We suggest increasing advocacy to encourage parents and guardians to openly educate their children about sexuality.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06360-8AdolescentNigeriaPublic secondary schoolSexual debutSexual intercourseSexuality education
spellingShingle Tope Michael Ipinnimo
Olalekan Oladipupo Rosiji
Olumide Temitope Asake
Oluwafunmilayo Oluwadamilola Ibikunle
Motunrayo Temidayo Ipinnimo
Toluwalope Motunrayo Asake
Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools
Scientific Reports
Adolescent
Nigeria
Public secondary school
Sexual debut
Sexual intercourse
Sexuality education
title Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools
title_full Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools
title_fullStr Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools
title_full_unstemmed Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools
title_short Adolescent sexuality education, sexual debut, and associated factors in Nigerian public secondary schools
title_sort adolescent sexuality education sexual debut and associated factors in nigerian public secondary schools
topic Adolescent
Nigeria
Public secondary school
Sexual debut
Sexual intercourse
Sexuality education
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06360-8
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