2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo

Radar observations of 2020 BX _12 conducted with the S -band planetary radar system (2380 MHz, 12.6 cm) at the Arecibo Observatory on 2020 February 4 and 5 revealed that this potentially hazardous asteroid is a binary system. Spectroscopic observations with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias on 202...

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Main Authors: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin, Sean E. Marshall, Ellen S. Howell, Julia de León, Noemi Pinilla-Alonso, Anne K. Virkki, Jon Giorgini, Flaviane C. F. Venditti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Planetary Science Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/adbe39
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author Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin
Sean E. Marshall
Ellen S. Howell
Julia de León
Noemi Pinilla-Alonso
Anne K. Virkki
Jon Giorgini
Flaviane C. F. Venditti
author_facet Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin
Sean E. Marshall
Ellen S. Howell
Julia de León
Noemi Pinilla-Alonso
Anne K. Virkki
Jon Giorgini
Flaviane C. F. Venditti
author_sort Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin
collection DOAJ
description Radar observations of 2020 BX _12 conducted with the S -band planetary radar system (2380 MHz, 12.6 cm) at the Arecibo Observatory on 2020 February 4 and 5 revealed that this potentially hazardous asteroid is a binary system. Spectroscopic observations with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias on 2024 February 16 indicate that 2020 BX _12 is an S-complex asteroid (Bus–DeMeo taxonomy). We present the results of shape modeling and orbit fitting based on the radar observations. The system consists of a primary of a diameter ∼205 m and a ∼50 m secondary revolving around their common center of mass. This size places the system among the smallest 10% of known binary asteroid systems. The orbital period of the system is >40 hr. The semimajor axis is >375 m. This binary system, like many other binary near-Earth asteroids, features a spheroidal primary spinning near the breakup point, indicating likely formation through spin-up and fission and migration from the main belt. 2020 BX _12 was the last binary asteroid discovered at Arecibo.
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publisher IOP Publishing
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series The Planetary Science Journal
spelling doaj-art-41c5bbf2818a4ff58a1df988ba7824252025-08-20T02:11:54ZengIOP PublishingThe Planetary Science Journal2632-33382025-01-01649110.3847/PSJ/adbe392020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at AreciboLuisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-4040Sean E. Marshall1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8144-7570Ellen S. Howell2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-5843Julia de León3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-0411Noemi Pinilla-Alonso4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2770-7896Anne K. Virkki5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-5381Jon Giorgini6Flaviane C. F. Venditti7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9150-8376Universidad de Granada , Escuela Internacional de Posgrado, Granada, Spain ; luisafz@correo.ugr.es; Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida , 12354 Research Pkwy., Orlando, FL 32826, USAFlorida Space Institute, University of Central Florida , 12354 Research Pkwy., Orlando, FL, USALunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USAInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , C/Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences and Technologies of Asturias, University of Oviedo , C/Independencia, 13, 33004 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Florida , 4111 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USAUniversity of Helsinki , Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki, 00560, FinlandJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , MS 301-150, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USAFlorida Space Institute, University of Central Florida , 12354 Research Pkwy., Orlando, FL, USARadar observations of 2020 BX _12 conducted with the S -band planetary radar system (2380 MHz, 12.6 cm) at the Arecibo Observatory on 2020 February 4 and 5 revealed that this potentially hazardous asteroid is a binary system. Spectroscopic observations with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias on 2024 February 16 indicate that 2020 BX _12 is an S-complex asteroid (Bus–DeMeo taxonomy). We present the results of shape modeling and orbit fitting based on the radar observations. The system consists of a primary of a diameter ∼205 m and a ∼50 m secondary revolving around their common center of mass. This size places the system among the smallest 10% of known binary asteroid systems. The orbital period of the system is >40 hr. The semimajor axis is >375 m. This binary system, like many other binary near-Earth asteroids, features a spheroidal primary spinning near the breakup point, indicating likely formation through spin-up and fission and migration from the main belt. 2020 BX _12 was the last binary asteroid discovered at Arecibo.https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/adbe39Near-Earth objectsRadar observationsAsteroid satellitesRadar telescopesAsteroidsSmall Solar System bodies
spellingShingle Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin
Sean E. Marshall
Ellen S. Howell
Julia de León
Noemi Pinilla-Alonso
Anne K. Virkki
Jon Giorgini
Flaviane C. F. Venditti
2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo
The Planetary Science Journal
Near-Earth objects
Radar observations
Asteroid satellites
Radar telescopes
Asteroids
Small Solar System bodies
title 2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo
title_full 2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo
title_fullStr 2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo
title_full_unstemmed 2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo
title_short 2020 BX12—The Last Binary Asteroid Discovered at Arecibo
title_sort 2020 bx12 the last binary asteroid discovered at arecibo
topic Near-Earth objects
Radar observations
Asteroid satellites
Radar telescopes
Asteroids
Small Solar System bodies
url https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/adbe39
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