Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits

Abstract Background Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that genetic diversity lost the process of wheat breeding because of the pursuit of earlier heading date and higher yield. Reduced genetic diversity leads to decreased adaptability to the environ...

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Main Authors: Xiaohan Wang, Sukyeung Lee, Yu-Mi Choi, JungYoon Yi, Kebede Taye Desta, Myoung-Jae Shin, Gi-An Lee, Young-Ah Jeon, Eunae Yoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06926-8
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author Xiaohan Wang
Sukyeung Lee
Yu-Mi Choi
JungYoon Yi
Kebede Taye Desta
Myoung-Jae Shin
Gi-An Lee
Young-Ah Jeon
Eunae Yoo
author_facet Xiaohan Wang
Sukyeung Lee
Yu-Mi Choi
JungYoon Yi
Kebede Taye Desta
Myoung-Jae Shin
Gi-An Lee
Young-Ah Jeon
Eunae Yoo
author_sort Xiaohan Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that genetic diversity lost the process of wheat breeding because of the pursuit of earlier heading date and higher yield. Reduced genetic diversity leads to decreased adaptability to the environment and resistance to pests and diseases posing a serious threat to wheat production safety. Results This study investigated the genetic diversity of a global wheat collection stored at the National Agrobiodiversity Center of South Korea. A total of 397 global wheat core collections were selected from 19,698 accessions, with associated traits accumulated from 1984 to 2017. The genetic diversity of the core collections was analyzed using 198 neutral SNPs and KASP markers to explore the population structure and genetic diversity within the global wheat collection. The results indicate that cultivars developed in the past decade exhibit higher genetic diversity than both the cultivars deposited before 2015 and the landraces. This suggests that the genetic diversity observed in the newly developed cultivars may originate from the introduction of novel wild germplasms or artificially induced mutant breeding materials. In addition, the traits prediction system established using the KASP marker genotyping results can explain 52.7% of the heading date variation and 42.9% of the 1000-grain weight variation. Conclusions Overall, this study monitored the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars bred in the past decade and concluded that modern wheat breeding model have reversed the trend of continuous reduction in genetic diversity of cultivars. The trait prediction system established using KASP markers could provide a platform for the selection of new wheat materials for future breeding.
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spelling doaj-art-41b6d0b1d0794356b7d8e2fc72b11f892025-08-20T04:01:53ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-07-0125111310.1186/s12870-025-06926-8Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traitsXiaohan Wang0Sukyeung Lee1Yu-Mi Choi2JungYoon Yi3Kebede Taye Desta4Myoung-Jae Shin5Gi-An Lee6Young-Ah Jeon7Eunae Yoo8National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDAInternational Technology Cooperation Center, Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development AdministrationNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDANational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDANational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDANational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDANational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDANational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDANational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDAAbstract Background Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that genetic diversity lost the process of wheat breeding because of the pursuit of earlier heading date and higher yield. Reduced genetic diversity leads to decreased adaptability to the environment and resistance to pests and diseases posing a serious threat to wheat production safety. Results This study investigated the genetic diversity of a global wheat collection stored at the National Agrobiodiversity Center of South Korea. A total of 397 global wheat core collections were selected from 19,698 accessions, with associated traits accumulated from 1984 to 2017. The genetic diversity of the core collections was analyzed using 198 neutral SNPs and KASP markers to explore the population structure and genetic diversity within the global wheat collection. The results indicate that cultivars developed in the past decade exhibit higher genetic diversity than both the cultivars deposited before 2015 and the landraces. This suggests that the genetic diversity observed in the newly developed cultivars may originate from the introduction of novel wild germplasms or artificially induced mutant breeding materials. In addition, the traits prediction system established using the KASP marker genotyping results can explain 52.7% of the heading date variation and 42.9% of the 1000-grain weight variation. Conclusions Overall, this study monitored the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars bred in the past decade and concluded that modern wheat breeding model have reversed the trend of continuous reduction in genetic diversity of cultivars. The trait prediction system established using KASP markers could provide a platform for the selection of new wheat materials for future breeding.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06926-8Traits prediction systemGene flowHeading date1000-grain weightDomestication selectionPhylogeography
spellingShingle Xiaohan Wang
Sukyeung Lee
Yu-Mi Choi
JungYoon Yi
Kebede Taye Desta
Myoung-Jae Shin
Gi-An Lee
Young-Ah Jeon
Eunae Yoo
Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits
BMC Plant Biology
Traits prediction system
Gene flow
Heading date
1000-grain weight
Domestication selection
Phylogeography
title Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits
title_full Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits
title_fullStr Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits
title_short Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using SNP and KASP markers for major agronomic traits
title_sort evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of wheat core collection using snp and kasp markers for major agronomic traits
topic Traits prediction system
Gene flow
Heading date
1000-grain weight
Domestication selection
Phylogeography
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06926-8
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