Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases
Background CpG oligodeoxynucleotide motifs in bacterial DNA with composition variations exhibit potent immunostimulation. The effect of different compositions in oral infections is unclear. This study aims to investigate CpG motifs in bacteria associated with endodontic diseases, periodontal disease...
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| Format: | Article |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Oral Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20002297.2025.2486639 |
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| author | Pisit Charoenwongwatthana Oslovenya S. Caroline Halah Ahmed Jamie Coulter Chien-Yi Chang |
| author_facet | Pisit Charoenwongwatthana Oslovenya S. Caroline Halah Ahmed Jamie Coulter Chien-Yi Chang |
| author_sort | Pisit Charoenwongwatthana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background CpG oligodeoxynucleotide motifs in bacterial DNA with composition variations exhibit potent immunostimulation. The effect of different compositions in oral infections is unclear. This study aims to investigate CpG motifs in bacteria associated with endodontic diseases, periodontal diseases, and dental caries to elucidate their influence on host immune response.Methods Fifty oral bacterial genomes were selected for in silico analysis to determine GC% content and CpG motif frequency in each genome. The relationships between GC% content, CpG motif frequency, and genome size were assessed using correlation analysis. Normalisation of immunostimulatory sequences was implemented to enable unbiased comparison of frequency counts among bacteria.Results Sixty percent of bacteria exhibited medium GC% content (Mdn = 44), with no significant difference among bacteria associated with these diseases (p = 0.66). A positive correlation between GC% content and CpG motif frequency, as well as genome size and CpG motifs frequency was observed. A higher-than-mean of the human immunostimulatory motif (GTCGTT, 7/14) and the mice/rabbits immunostimulatory motif (GACGTT, 9/14) was observed in core endodontic microbiota.Conclusion CpG motifs in oral bacteria might drive disease progression through host immunomodulation. Variation in bacterial CpG motifs suggests targeting these motifs offers a promising therapeutic intervention. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41aa2f80b6dd47cf85a0b62a59218683 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2000-2297 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Oral Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-41aa2f80b6dd47cf85a0b62a592186832025-08-20T03:17:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Oral Microbiology2000-22972025-12-0117110.1080/20002297.2025.2486639Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseasesPisit Charoenwongwatthana0Oslovenya S. Caroline1Halah Ahmed2Jamie Coulter3Chien-Yi Chang4School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKSchool of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKSchool of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKSchool of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKSchool of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKBackground CpG oligodeoxynucleotide motifs in bacterial DNA with composition variations exhibit potent immunostimulation. The effect of different compositions in oral infections is unclear. This study aims to investigate CpG motifs in bacteria associated with endodontic diseases, periodontal diseases, and dental caries to elucidate their influence on host immune response.Methods Fifty oral bacterial genomes were selected for in silico analysis to determine GC% content and CpG motif frequency in each genome. The relationships between GC% content, CpG motif frequency, and genome size were assessed using correlation analysis. Normalisation of immunostimulatory sequences was implemented to enable unbiased comparison of frequency counts among bacteria.Results Sixty percent of bacteria exhibited medium GC% content (Mdn = 44), with no significant difference among bacteria associated with these diseases (p = 0.66). A positive correlation between GC% content and CpG motif frequency, as well as genome size and CpG motifs frequency was observed. A higher-than-mean of the human immunostimulatory motif (GTCGTT, 7/14) and the mice/rabbits immunostimulatory motif (GACGTT, 9/14) was observed in core endodontic microbiota.Conclusion CpG motifs in oral bacteria might drive disease progression through host immunomodulation. Variation in bacterial CpG motifs suggests targeting these motifs offers a promising therapeutic intervention.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20002297.2025.2486639CpGimmunostimulatoryoral bacteriagenomeendodontic diseasesperiodontal diseases |
| spellingShingle | Pisit Charoenwongwatthana Oslovenya S. Caroline Halah Ahmed Jamie Coulter Chien-Yi Chang Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases Journal of Oral Microbiology CpG immunostimulatory oral bacteria genome endodontic diseases periodontal diseases |
| title | Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases |
| title_full | Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases |
| title_fullStr | Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases |
| title_short | Role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG) motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases |
| title_sort | role of immunostimulatory deoxycytidylate phosphate deoxyguanylate cpg motifs in oral bacteria associated with oral diseases |
| topic | CpG immunostimulatory oral bacteria genome endodontic diseases periodontal diseases |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20002297.2025.2486639 |
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