Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries
Research background. Hydrodistillation is a convenient and economical method to extract essential oils, but this technique has been abandoned due to limited extraction rates. Comparison to conventional hydrodistillation, maceration-mediated hydrodistillation could increase mass transfer and provide...
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University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Food Technology and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/477112 |
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| author | Zainab Liaqat Sumia Akram Rizwan Ashraf Muhammad Umair Kamal Rabia Naeem Muhammad Mushtaq |
| author_facet | Zainab Liaqat Sumia Akram Rizwan Ashraf Muhammad Umair Kamal Rabia Naeem Muhammad Mushtaq |
| author_sort | Zainab Liaqat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research background. Hydrodistillation is a convenient and economical method to extract essential oils, but this technique has been abandoned due to limited extraction rates. Comparison to conventional hydrodistillation, maceration-mediated hydrodistillation could increase mass transfer and provide better control over the extraction thermodynamics, thereby preserving the aroma constituents and their antioxidant activities. The present study describes a useful and innovative modification of conventional hydrodistillation by introducing a macerating agent Triton X-100 and NaCl as an electrolyte to accelerate mass transfer for better extraction of caryophyllene-rich essential oil from sea buckthorn berries.
Experimental approach. The parameters of maceration-mediated hydrodistillation, including the mass fraction of macerating agent, electrolyte concentration and extraction time, were investigated within a wide range of 1−10 %, 1−10 g/100 mL and 3−8 h, respectively, to increase the oil yield (g/100 g). The parameters were optimized according to the desirability approach using response surface methodology. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained under optimal conditions was measured using in vitro antioxidant assays and its aroma profile using gas chromatography with mass spectrometery (GC-MS).
Results and conclusions. The optimized parameters for the modified hydrodistillation were observed at 4.22 mL Triton X-100 and 4.03 g NaCl for 5.61 h of extraction time with the essential oil yield of (3.2±0.1) % compared to 2.1 % obtained with conventional hydrodistillation. The essential oil produced by the assisted hydrodistillation was rich in (−)-β-caryophyllene (37.2 %) with good antioxidant activities in terms of free radical scavenging capacity (84.2 %), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (68.2 %) and antioxidant capacity expressed in Trolox equivalents (168 µmol/mL).
Novelty and scientific contribution. Triton X-100 can disrupt the cell membrane to release the bioactive compounds, while the NaCl reduces the solubility of the non-polar components of the essential oil in the aqueous phase, which can ultimately improve the extraction yield. The proposed approach can be used with minor modifications with the existing hydrodistillation setups and it seems to be more economical for the extraction of sea buckthorn essential oil without compromising its antioxidant potential or its valuable aroma compounds on an industrial scale. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1330-9862 1334-2606 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology |
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| series | Food Technology and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4198505b0ce94db18fbfdded08bf3a7c2025-08-20T01:55:39ZengUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyFood Technology and Biotechnology1330-98621334-26062025-01-01631263510.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8607Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn BerriesZainab Liaqat0Sumia Akram1Rizwan Ashraf2Muhammad Umair Kamal3Rabia Naeem4Muhammad Mushtaq5Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, PakistanDivision of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore 54770, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, PakistanResearch background. Hydrodistillation is a convenient and economical method to extract essential oils, but this technique has been abandoned due to limited extraction rates. Comparison to conventional hydrodistillation, maceration-mediated hydrodistillation could increase mass transfer and provide better control over the extraction thermodynamics, thereby preserving the aroma constituents and their antioxidant activities. The present study describes a useful and innovative modification of conventional hydrodistillation by introducing a macerating agent Triton X-100 and NaCl as an electrolyte to accelerate mass transfer for better extraction of caryophyllene-rich essential oil from sea buckthorn berries. Experimental approach. The parameters of maceration-mediated hydrodistillation, including the mass fraction of macerating agent, electrolyte concentration and extraction time, were investigated within a wide range of 1−10 %, 1−10 g/100 mL and 3−8 h, respectively, to increase the oil yield (g/100 g). The parameters were optimized according to the desirability approach using response surface methodology. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained under optimal conditions was measured using in vitro antioxidant assays and its aroma profile using gas chromatography with mass spectrometery (GC-MS). Results and conclusions. The optimized parameters for the modified hydrodistillation were observed at 4.22 mL Triton X-100 and 4.03 g NaCl for 5.61 h of extraction time with the essential oil yield of (3.2±0.1) % compared to 2.1 % obtained with conventional hydrodistillation. The essential oil produced by the assisted hydrodistillation was rich in (−)-β-caryophyllene (37.2 %) with good antioxidant activities in terms of free radical scavenging capacity (84.2 %), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (68.2 %) and antioxidant capacity expressed in Trolox equivalents (168 µmol/mL). Novelty and scientific contribution. Triton X-100 can disrupt the cell membrane to release the bioactive compounds, while the NaCl reduces the solubility of the non-polar components of the essential oil in the aqueous phase, which can ultimately improve the extraction yield. The proposed approach can be used with minor modifications with the existing hydrodistillation setups and it seems to be more economical for the extraction of sea buckthorn essential oil without compromising its antioxidant potential or its valuable aroma compounds on an industrial scale.https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/477112sea buckthorn berriesessential oilcaryophyllenemaceration-mediated hydrodistillationGC-MSantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Zainab Liaqat Sumia Akram Rizwan Ashraf Muhammad Umair Kamal Rabia Naeem Muhammad Mushtaq Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries Food Technology and Biotechnology sea buckthorn berries essential oil caryophyllene maceration-mediated hydrodistillation GC-MS antioxidant activity |
| title | Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries |
| title_full | Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries |
| title_fullStr | Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries |
| title_short | Optimization and Validation of Maceration-Mediated Hydrodistillation to Extract Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil from Sea Buckthorn Berries |
| title_sort | optimization and validation of maceration mediated hydrodistillation to extract caryophyllene rich essential oil from sea buckthorn berries |
| topic | sea buckthorn berries essential oil caryophyllene maceration-mediated hydrodistillation GC-MS antioxidant activity |
| url | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/477112 |
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