Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus

IntroductionBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Current diagnostic methods for BVDV exhibit variable sensitivity and specificity, underscoring the need for more rapid and accurate detection approac...

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Main Authors: Shuhui Qi, Jing Wang, Ting Le, Chao Sun, Jitao Chang, Zhigang Jiang, Xin Yin, Quanhai Pang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1504115/full
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author Shuhui Qi
Shuhui Qi
Jing Wang
Jing Wang
Ting Le
Chao Sun
Jitao Chang
Jitao Chang
Zhigang Jiang
Xin Yin
Quanhai Pang
author_facet Shuhui Qi
Shuhui Qi
Jing Wang
Jing Wang
Ting Le
Chao Sun
Jitao Chang
Jitao Chang
Zhigang Jiang
Xin Yin
Quanhai Pang
author_sort Shuhui Qi
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Current diagnostic methods for BVDV exhibit variable sensitivity and specificity, underscoring the need for more rapid and accurate detection approaches. Here, we developed a novel competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect antibodies against the BVDV E2 protein.Methods and resultsWe generated three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)—3E6, 2D5, and 5B9—by immunizing mice with purified BVDV E2 protein expressed in Expi293F cells. Among these, mAb 3E6 displayed superior competitive binding abilities to the E2 protein, enabling effective differentiation between BVDV positive and negative sera. Remarkably, mAb 3E6 exhibited pan-genotypic recognition of various BVDV strains, including BVDV-1a, -1b, -1c, -1m, -1p, -1v, and -2a, while showing no cross-reactivity with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Computational modeling using AlphaFold 3 identified domain B of the E2 protein as the primary binding site for mAb 3E6. Building upon these findings, we established a cELISA employing mAb 3E6 and recombinant E2 protein. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed outstanding diagnostic performance, achieving a sensitivity of 99.26% and specificity of 98.99%. Further tests confirmed the cELISA's specificity for detecting BVDV-specific antibodies, with no cross-reactivity with antisera from animals infected or immunized against BCoV, BHV-1, BRV, AKAV, LSDV, BLV, and CSFV. Consistency was observed between results from the BVDV E2 cELISA and traditional virus neutralization test (VNT), demonstrating high sensitivity for monitoring antibody dynamics. In performance evaluations, the established cELISA exhibited high concordance with VNT in assessing 160 vaccinated sera and 190 clinical samples.DiscussionThe BVDV E2 cELISA, utilizing mAb 3E6 to target domain B of the BVDV E2 protein, represents a reliable and effective serological diagnostic tool for the detection of antibodies against both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. This methodology holds significant promise for applications in clinical diagnosis and the evaluation of vaccine efficacy.
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spelling doaj-art-41933882bf3f424590fcf8340aff3eed2025-08-20T02:33:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-11-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15041151504115Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virusShuhui Qi0Shuhui Qi1Jing Wang2Jing Wang3Ting Le4Chao Sun5Jitao Chang6Jitao Chang7Zhigang Jiang8Xin Yin9Quanhai Pang10College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaMolecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux, BelgiumState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaInstitute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaIntroductionBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Current diagnostic methods for BVDV exhibit variable sensitivity and specificity, underscoring the need for more rapid and accurate detection approaches. Here, we developed a novel competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect antibodies against the BVDV E2 protein.Methods and resultsWe generated three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)—3E6, 2D5, and 5B9—by immunizing mice with purified BVDV E2 protein expressed in Expi293F cells. Among these, mAb 3E6 displayed superior competitive binding abilities to the E2 protein, enabling effective differentiation between BVDV positive and negative sera. Remarkably, mAb 3E6 exhibited pan-genotypic recognition of various BVDV strains, including BVDV-1a, -1b, -1c, -1m, -1p, -1v, and -2a, while showing no cross-reactivity with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Computational modeling using AlphaFold 3 identified domain B of the E2 protein as the primary binding site for mAb 3E6. Building upon these findings, we established a cELISA employing mAb 3E6 and recombinant E2 protein. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed outstanding diagnostic performance, achieving a sensitivity of 99.26% and specificity of 98.99%. Further tests confirmed the cELISA's specificity for detecting BVDV-specific antibodies, with no cross-reactivity with antisera from animals infected or immunized against BCoV, BHV-1, BRV, AKAV, LSDV, BLV, and CSFV. Consistency was observed between results from the BVDV E2 cELISA and traditional virus neutralization test (VNT), demonstrating high sensitivity for monitoring antibody dynamics. In performance evaluations, the established cELISA exhibited high concordance with VNT in assessing 160 vaccinated sera and 190 clinical samples.DiscussionThe BVDV E2 cELISA, utilizing mAb 3E6 to target domain B of the BVDV E2 protein, represents a reliable and effective serological diagnostic tool for the detection of antibodies against both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. This methodology holds significant promise for applications in clinical diagnosis and the evaluation of vaccine efficacy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1504115/fullbovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)competitive ELISA (cELISA)BVDV E2BVDV-1BVDV-2
spellingShingle Shuhui Qi
Shuhui Qi
Jing Wang
Jing Wang
Ting Le
Chao Sun
Jitao Chang
Jitao Chang
Zhigang Jiang
Xin Yin
Quanhai Pang
Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Frontiers in Immunology
bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
competitive ELISA (cELISA)
BVDV E2
BVDV-1
BVDV-2
title Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus
title_full Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus
title_fullStr Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus
title_full_unstemmed Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus
title_short Development of a pan-genotypic monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Bovine viral diarrhea virus
title_sort development of a pan genotypic monoclonal antibody based competitive elisa for the detection of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus
topic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
competitive ELISA (cELISA)
BVDV E2
BVDV-1
BVDV-2
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1504115/full
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