Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.

In the realm of unmanned aerial vehicles, we proposed an enhanced small target detection algorithm, MGAC-YOLO, to address the challenges of missed detections and low accuracy associated with small target identification. Initially, we designed the MConv (Multi-layer Convolution) module to replace the...

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Main Authors: Xiujing Li, Haifei Zhang, Yiliu Hang, Hao Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328003
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author Xiujing Li
Haifei Zhang
Yiliu Hang
Hao Chen
author_facet Xiujing Li
Haifei Zhang
Yiliu Hang
Hao Chen
author_sort Xiujing Li
collection DOAJ
description In the realm of unmanned aerial vehicles, we proposed an enhanced small target detection algorithm, MGAC-YOLO, to address the challenges of missed detections and low accuracy associated with small target identification. Initially, we designed the MConv (Multi-layer Convolution) module to replace the conventional Conv module within the backbone network, thereby augmenting the dimensionality of information capture and enhancing the detection performance for small targets. Subsequently, we harnessed the advantages of both attention mechanisms-GAM (Global Attention Mechanism) and CloAttention (Contextualized Local and Global Attention)-to create a GACAttention module that extracts small target features from both global and local perspectives, thereby enriching the network's focus on small target feature information and further enhancing its feature processing capabilities. Finally, we incorporated an additional small target detection layer to capture feature information at a shallower level, thereby reducing the likelihood of missed detections and bolstering the detection capabilities for small targets. Experimental results on the VisDrone2019 dataset demonstrate that the Precision, mAP50, and mAP50-95 of the MGAC-YOLO algorithm have improved by 5.3%, 6.3%, and 4.4%, respectively, in comparison to the baseline model YOLOv8s. Furthermore, when compared to other leading algorithms, the MGAC-YOLO algorithm has exhibited notable superiority.
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spelling doaj-art-41901866aae344d4ab540dd6d82ca1ed2025-08-20T03:59:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032800310.1371/journal.pone.0328003Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.Xiujing LiHaifei ZhangYiliu HangHao ChenIn the realm of unmanned aerial vehicles, we proposed an enhanced small target detection algorithm, MGAC-YOLO, to address the challenges of missed detections and low accuracy associated with small target identification. Initially, we designed the MConv (Multi-layer Convolution) module to replace the conventional Conv module within the backbone network, thereby augmenting the dimensionality of information capture and enhancing the detection performance for small targets. Subsequently, we harnessed the advantages of both attention mechanisms-GAM (Global Attention Mechanism) and CloAttention (Contextualized Local and Global Attention)-to create a GACAttention module that extracts small target features from both global and local perspectives, thereby enriching the network's focus on small target feature information and further enhancing its feature processing capabilities. Finally, we incorporated an additional small target detection layer to capture feature information at a shallower level, thereby reducing the likelihood of missed detections and bolstering the detection capabilities for small targets. Experimental results on the VisDrone2019 dataset demonstrate that the Precision, mAP50, and mAP50-95 of the MGAC-YOLO algorithm have improved by 5.3%, 6.3%, and 4.4%, respectively, in comparison to the baseline model YOLOv8s. Furthermore, when compared to other leading algorithms, the MGAC-YOLO algorithm has exhibited notable superiority.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328003
spellingShingle Xiujing Li
Haifei Zhang
Yiliu Hang
Hao Chen
Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.
PLoS ONE
title Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.
title_full Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.
title_fullStr Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.
title_full_unstemmed Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.
title_short Small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi-layer convolution.
title_sort small target detection algorithm based on the fusion attention mechanism and multi layer convolution
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328003
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AT haifeizhang smalltargetdetectionalgorithmbasedonthefusionattentionmechanismandmultilayerconvolution
AT yiliuhang smalltargetdetectionalgorithmbasedonthefusionattentionmechanismandmultilayerconvolution
AT haochen smalltargetdetectionalgorithmbasedonthefusionattentionmechanismandmultilayerconvolution