Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal

Background: Diabetes has been reported as the second leading cause of death and the top leading cause of death amongst women in South Africa; it is important to evaluate any epidemiological or demographic transition related to diabetes. This study evaluated the demographically stratified prevalence...

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Main Authors: Lauren Chetty, Nalini Govender, Ganesan M. Govender, Poovendhree Reddy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2021-04-01
Series:South African Family Practice
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Online Access:https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5218
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author Lauren Chetty
Nalini Govender
Ganesan M. Govender
Poovendhree Reddy
author_facet Lauren Chetty
Nalini Govender
Ganesan M. Govender
Poovendhree Reddy
author_sort Lauren Chetty
collection DOAJ
description Background: Diabetes has been reported as the second leading cause of death and the top leading cause of death amongst women in South Africa; it is important to evaluate any epidemiological or demographic transition related to diabetes. This study evaluated the demographically stratified prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and existing comorbidities amongst an outpatient population in a district healthcare facility in Kwazulu-Natal (KZN). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a district hospital, and a retrospective record review of all outpatients who reported to the hospital to be treated for T2DM between the period, August 2018–January 2019, was used. Data, such as age, sex, ethnicity and any coexisting morbidity, were collected from outpatient hospital registers and electronically captured using a record review tool. Results: There were significantly more female patients (3072) compared to male patients (1050) (p 0.001) with a mean age of 59.21 years. Hypertension (77.9%) and cardiovascular problems (11.16%) were most frequent. Approximately 84% of women presented with T2DM and either one or two morbidities simultaneously. Female patients were at significantly higher risk of presenting with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20;1.71), whilst their risk for cardiovascular problems was significantly lower compared to male patients (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54;0.83). Conclusion: The prevalence of T2DM and comorbidities differed by demographic factors, such as sex, ethnicity and age. There is a need for flexible and adaptive approaches for the prevention and management of T2DM cases in order to allocate medical resources efficiently and according to the true burden of disease because of T2DM complications.
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spelling doaj-art-418c777531e446f09d9b0f4132067fdb2025-08-20T04:03:13ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042021-04-01631e1e910.4102/safp.v63i1.52184127Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-NatalLauren Chetty0Nalini Govender1Ganesan M. Govender2Poovendhree Reddy3Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, DurbanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, DurbanGeneral Outpatients Department, R.K. Khan Hospital, DurbanDepartment of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, DurbanBackground: Diabetes has been reported as the second leading cause of death and the top leading cause of death amongst women in South Africa; it is important to evaluate any epidemiological or demographic transition related to diabetes. This study evaluated the demographically stratified prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and existing comorbidities amongst an outpatient population in a district healthcare facility in Kwazulu-Natal (KZN). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a district hospital, and a retrospective record review of all outpatients who reported to the hospital to be treated for T2DM between the period, August 2018–January 2019, was used. Data, such as age, sex, ethnicity and any coexisting morbidity, were collected from outpatient hospital registers and electronically captured using a record review tool. Results: There were significantly more female patients (3072) compared to male patients (1050) (p 0.001) with a mean age of 59.21 years. Hypertension (77.9%) and cardiovascular problems (11.16%) were most frequent. Approximately 84% of women presented with T2DM and either one or two morbidities simultaneously. Female patients were at significantly higher risk of presenting with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20;1.71), whilst their risk for cardiovascular problems was significantly lower compared to male patients (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54;0.83). Conclusion: The prevalence of T2DM and comorbidities differed by demographic factors, such as sex, ethnicity and age. There is a need for flexible and adaptive approaches for the prevention and management of T2DM cases in order to allocate medical resources efficiently and according to the true burden of disease because of T2DM complications.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5218type 2 diabetes mellitusdemographicscomorbiditiesprevalencehealthcarenon-communicable diseasesepidemiologydisease burden
spellingShingle Lauren Chetty
Nalini Govender
Ganesan M. Govender
Poovendhree Reddy
Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal
South African Family Practice
type 2 diabetes mellitus
demographics
comorbidities
prevalence
healthcare
non-communicable diseases
epidemiology
disease burden
title Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal
title_full Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal
title_fullStr Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal
title_full_unstemmed Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal
title_short Demographic stratification of Type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal
title_sort demographic stratification of type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in district healthcare in kwazulu natal
topic type 2 diabetes mellitus
demographics
comorbidities
prevalence
healthcare
non-communicable diseases
epidemiology
disease burden
url https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5218
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AT ganesanmgovender demographicstratificationoftype2diabetesandcomorbiditiesindistricthealthcareinkwazulunatal
AT poovendhreereddy demographicstratificationoftype2diabetesandcomorbiditiesindistricthealthcareinkwazulunatal