Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification

With the advancement of global economic restructuring and China’s economic transformation, structural employment contradictions have intensified amid increasingly competitive labor markets. The frequent occurrences of “degree devaluation” and talent “downskilling” have made perceived overqualificati...

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Main Authors: Chuanhao Fan, Bingbing Shang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/702
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author Chuanhao Fan
Bingbing Shang
author_facet Chuanhao Fan
Bingbing Shang
author_sort Chuanhao Fan
collection DOAJ
description With the advancement of global economic restructuring and China’s economic transformation, structural employment contradictions have intensified amid increasingly competitive labor markets. The frequent occurrences of “degree devaluation” and talent “downskilling” have made perceived overqualification increasingly prevalent in organizations. This study, based on the Cognitive–Affective Personality System theory, investigates the differential mechanisms through which perceived overqualification drives approach and avoidance job crafting via cognitive and affective pathways. Data from a two-wave survey of 556 Chinese employees produced several key findings: (1) Perceived overqualification significantly enhances approach job crafting while suppressing avoidance job crafting by elevating role breadth self-efficacy (cognitive pathway), demonstrating a proactive breakthrough effect. (2) Perceived overqualification inhibits approach job crafting and exacerbates avoidance job crafting through triggering emotional exhaustion (affective pathway), revealing a passive exhaustion trap. (3) Perceived overqualification exerts a positive and significant overall indirect effect on approach job crafting through the combined mechanisms of cognitive gains from role breadth self-efficacy and affective costs from emotional exhaustion, whereas the overall indirect effect on avoidance job crafting is non-significant. (4) Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) function as a dynamic boundary mechanism that amplifies the positive impact of role breadth self-efficacy and mitigates the negative effects of emotional exhaustion, while moderating the mediating roles of both pathways. This research develops a dual-path integrated model of perceived overqualification and job crafting by classifying job crafting categories, incorporating cognitive–affective pathways, and introducing i-deals as a contextual element. These findings respond to scholarly demands for elucidating the intricate connections between perceived overqualification and job crafting through integrative perspectives; in addition, they offer theoretical and practical insights for organizations to leverage the potential of overqualified individuals appropriately.
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spelling doaj-art-418b18a242384ffa9e9ce900930fcd572025-08-20T03:14:42ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-05-0115570210.3390/bs15050702Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived OverqualificationChuanhao Fan0Bingbing Shang1School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaSchool of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaWith the advancement of global economic restructuring and China’s economic transformation, structural employment contradictions have intensified amid increasingly competitive labor markets. The frequent occurrences of “degree devaluation” and talent “downskilling” have made perceived overqualification increasingly prevalent in organizations. This study, based on the Cognitive–Affective Personality System theory, investigates the differential mechanisms through which perceived overqualification drives approach and avoidance job crafting via cognitive and affective pathways. Data from a two-wave survey of 556 Chinese employees produced several key findings: (1) Perceived overqualification significantly enhances approach job crafting while suppressing avoidance job crafting by elevating role breadth self-efficacy (cognitive pathway), demonstrating a proactive breakthrough effect. (2) Perceived overqualification inhibits approach job crafting and exacerbates avoidance job crafting through triggering emotional exhaustion (affective pathway), revealing a passive exhaustion trap. (3) Perceived overqualification exerts a positive and significant overall indirect effect on approach job crafting through the combined mechanisms of cognitive gains from role breadth self-efficacy and affective costs from emotional exhaustion, whereas the overall indirect effect on avoidance job crafting is non-significant. (4) Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) function as a dynamic boundary mechanism that amplifies the positive impact of role breadth self-efficacy and mitigates the negative effects of emotional exhaustion, while moderating the mediating roles of both pathways. This research develops a dual-path integrated model of perceived overqualification and job crafting by classifying job crafting categories, incorporating cognitive–affective pathways, and introducing i-deals as a contextual element. These findings respond to scholarly demands for elucidating the intricate connections between perceived overqualification and job crafting through integrative perspectives; in addition, they offer theoretical and practical insights for organizations to leverage the potential of overqualified individuals appropriately.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/702perceived overqualificationjob craftingrole breadth self-efficacyemotional exhaustionidiosyncratic dealscognitive-affective personality system
spellingShingle Chuanhao Fan
Bingbing Shang
Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification
Behavioral Sciences
perceived overqualification
job crafting
role breadth self-efficacy
emotional exhaustion
idiosyncratic deals
cognitive-affective personality system
title Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification
title_full Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification
title_fullStr Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification
title_full_unstemmed Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification
title_short Proactive Breakthrough or Passive Exhaustion? A Dual-Path Integrated Model Driven by Perceived Overqualification
title_sort proactive breakthrough or passive exhaustion a dual path integrated model driven by perceived overqualification
topic perceived overqualification
job crafting
role breadth self-efficacy
emotional exhaustion
idiosyncratic deals
cognitive-affective personality system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/702
work_keys_str_mv AT chuanhaofan proactivebreakthroughorpassiveexhaustionadualpathintegratedmodeldrivenbyperceivedoverqualification
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