An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature
Refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) are both critical environmental parameters for environmental monitoring, food production, and medical testing. The paper develops a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor to measure RI and T simultaneously. Its cross-sectional structure encompasses a h...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/377 |
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| author | Xinglian Lu Xiantong Yu Jun Zhou Min Chang Dunke Lu |
| author_facet | Xinglian Lu Xiantong Yu Jun Zhou Min Chang Dunke Lu |
| author_sort | Xinglian Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) are both critical environmental parameters for environmental monitoring, food production, and medical testing. The paper develops a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor to measure RI and T simultaneously. Its cross-sectional structure encompasses a hexagonal-hole lattice, with one hole selectively filled with toluene for temperature sensing. By coating the D-shaped surface of the PCF with a metal film and a MoS<sub>2</sub> film, the refractive index-detection channel is formed. Numerical results demonstrate that RI and T can be reflected in the same spectrum, without any interference caused by the two parameters with each other. At an environmental RI of 1.26–1.38, its maximum RI sensitivity is up to 5400 nm/RIU. At a temperature of 20–80 °C, its temperature sensitivity reaches −1.2 nm/°C. This design allows for a broad operational spectrum and an extensive measurement range, which makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring low-RI detection. Moreover, the resonance strength of the sensor is significantly enhanced by introducing a two-dimensional material MoS<sub>2</sub> on the D-surface. Specifically, it reaches 195,149 dB/m when RI = 1.34 at 30 °C. This is much higher than that of most previous studies, and the requirements for inspection equipment can be lowered in this case. These results are essential for progress in simultaneously detecting RI and T. |
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| id | doaj-art-416207ea98fd4955bbce20258a4944ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-416207ea98fd4955bbce20258a4944ba2025-01-24T13:48:42ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125237710.3390/s25020377An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and TemperatureXinglian Lu0Xiantong Yu1Jun Zhou2Min Chang3Dunke Lu4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaRefractive index (RI) and temperature (T) are both critical environmental parameters for environmental monitoring, food production, and medical testing. The paper develops a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor to measure RI and T simultaneously. Its cross-sectional structure encompasses a hexagonal-hole lattice, with one hole selectively filled with toluene for temperature sensing. By coating the D-shaped surface of the PCF with a metal film and a MoS<sub>2</sub> film, the refractive index-detection channel is formed. Numerical results demonstrate that RI and T can be reflected in the same spectrum, without any interference caused by the two parameters with each other. At an environmental RI of 1.26–1.38, its maximum RI sensitivity is up to 5400 nm/RIU. At a temperature of 20–80 °C, its temperature sensitivity reaches −1.2 nm/°C. This design allows for a broad operational spectrum and an extensive measurement range, which makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring low-RI detection. Moreover, the resonance strength of the sensor is significantly enhanced by introducing a two-dimensional material MoS<sub>2</sub> on the D-surface. Specifically, it reaches 195,149 dB/m when RI = 1.34 at 30 °C. This is much higher than that of most previous studies, and the requirements for inspection equipment can be lowered in this case. These results are essential for progress in simultaneously detecting RI and T.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/377surface plasmon resonancerefractive index sensortemperature sensoroptic fiber sensortwo-dimensional materials |
| spellingShingle | Xinglian Lu Xiantong Yu Jun Zhou Min Chang Dunke Lu An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Sensors surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor temperature sensor optic fiber sensor two-dimensional materials |
| title | An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature |
| title_full | An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature |
| title_fullStr | An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature |
| title_short | An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold–MoS<sub>2</sub> and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature |
| title_sort | ultra wide range d shaped fiber spr sensor with a nanostructure of gold mos sub 2 sub and sodium for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature |
| topic | surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor temperature sensor optic fiber sensor two-dimensional materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/377 |
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