Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection

Hydrogen-based smelting reduction has received widespread attention as an important technology for realizing low-carbon development in hydrogen metallurgy. In this study, the thermodynamics of smelting reduction was firstly analyzed by using FactSage 8.1 thermodynamic software, on the basis of which...

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Main Authors: Lijin Lu, Feng Wang, Haifeng Wang, Jian Qiu, Xiaodong Ping
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1255
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author Lijin Lu
Feng Wang
Haifeng Wang
Jian Qiu
Xiaodong Ping
author_facet Lijin Lu
Feng Wang
Haifeng Wang
Jian Qiu
Xiaodong Ping
author_sort Lijin Lu
collection DOAJ
description Hydrogen-based smelting reduction has received widespread attention as an important technology for realizing low-carbon development in hydrogen metallurgy. In this study, the thermodynamics of smelting reduction was firstly analyzed by using FactSage 8.1 thermodynamic software, on the basis of which smelting reduction experiments of iron oxides by using bottom-blown hydrogen were carried out. The experiments used oxidized pellets as experimental materials, and the effects of the reduction process were analyzed in terms of the reduction temperature, the reduction time, and the hydrogen flow rate. The experimental results show that under the experimental conditions of a temperature of 1550 °C and a hydrogen flow rate of 0.2 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h, the reduction rate of iron oxides in the process of reducing iron oxides by hydrogen is significantly faster in the first 10 min than after 10 min. The hydrogen utilization rate reached a maximum of 41.87%, then decreased continuously and finally maintained at about 20%. Using the method of model fitting, it was found that the hydrogen-based molten reduction conformed to the phase boundary reaction model (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), the corresponding mechanism function is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where α stands for the reduction conversion, and the reaction rate constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is 2.37 × 10<sup>−4</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> under the experimental conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-4147eb328d194f63ba82978dfd2fc9062025-08-20T01:53:54ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-11-011411125510.3390/met14111255Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen InjectionLijin Lu0Feng Wang1Haifeng Wang2Jian Qiu3Xiaodong Ping4State Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and Products, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and Products, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and Products, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and Products, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and Products, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, ChinaHydrogen-based smelting reduction has received widespread attention as an important technology for realizing low-carbon development in hydrogen metallurgy. In this study, the thermodynamics of smelting reduction was firstly analyzed by using FactSage 8.1 thermodynamic software, on the basis of which smelting reduction experiments of iron oxides by using bottom-blown hydrogen were carried out. The experiments used oxidized pellets as experimental materials, and the effects of the reduction process were analyzed in terms of the reduction temperature, the reduction time, and the hydrogen flow rate. The experimental results show that under the experimental conditions of a temperature of 1550 °C and a hydrogen flow rate of 0.2 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h, the reduction rate of iron oxides in the process of reducing iron oxides by hydrogen is significantly faster in the first 10 min than after 10 min. The hydrogen utilization rate reached a maximum of 41.87%, then decreased continuously and finally maintained at about 20%. Using the method of model fitting, it was found that the hydrogen-based molten reduction conformed to the phase boundary reaction model (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), the corresponding mechanism function is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where α stands for the reduction conversion, and the reaction rate constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is 2.37 × 10<sup>−4</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> under the experimental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1255hydrogen metallurgysmelting reductionreduction kineticsiron oxides
spellingShingle Lijin Lu
Feng Wang
Haifeng Wang
Jian Qiu
Xiaodong Ping
Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection
Metals
hydrogen metallurgy
smelting reduction
reduction kinetics
iron oxides
title Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection
title_full Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection
title_fullStr Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection
title_full_unstemmed Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection
title_short Kinetic Analysis of Molten Oxide Reduction Using Bottom-Blown Hydrogen Injection
title_sort kinetic analysis of molten oxide reduction using bottom blown hydrogen injection
topic hydrogen metallurgy
smelting reduction
reduction kinetics
iron oxides
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1255
work_keys_str_mv AT lijinlu kineticanalysisofmoltenoxidereductionusingbottomblownhydrogeninjection
AT fengwang kineticanalysisofmoltenoxidereductionusingbottomblownhydrogeninjection
AT haifengwang kineticanalysisofmoltenoxidereductionusingbottomblownhydrogeninjection
AT jianqiu kineticanalysisofmoltenoxidereductionusingbottomblownhydrogeninjection
AT xiaodongping kineticanalysisofmoltenoxidereductionusingbottomblownhydrogeninjection