Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases

Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess pluripotent characteristics, proliferative capacity, and the ability to self-renew. In the context of neurological diseases, transplantation of NSCs has been shown to facilitate neurological repair through paracrine mechanisms. NSC-derived small extracellular vesicle...

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Main Authors: Mengyao Wang, Dongdong Chen, Renjie Pan, Yue Sun, Xinyu He, Youming Qiu, Yuexin Hu, Xiangsheng Wu, Xuxiang Xi, Rong Hu, Zhigang Jiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206/full
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author Mengyao Wang
Mengyao Wang
Dongdong Chen
Dongdong Chen
Renjie Pan
Renjie Pan
Yue Sun
Yue Sun
Xinyu He
Xinyu He
Youming Qiu
Youming Qiu
Yuexin Hu
Yuexin Hu
Xiangsheng Wu
Xiangsheng Wu
Xuxiang Xi
Xuxiang Xi
Rong Hu
Rong Hu
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
author_facet Mengyao Wang
Mengyao Wang
Dongdong Chen
Dongdong Chen
Renjie Pan
Renjie Pan
Yue Sun
Yue Sun
Xinyu He
Xinyu He
Youming Qiu
Youming Qiu
Yuexin Hu
Yuexin Hu
Xiangsheng Wu
Xiangsheng Wu
Xuxiang Xi
Xuxiang Xi
Rong Hu
Rong Hu
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
author_sort Mengyao Wang
collection DOAJ
description Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess pluripotent characteristics, proliferative capacity, and the ability to self-renew. In the context of neurological diseases, transplantation of NSCs has been shown to facilitate neurological repair through paracrine mechanisms. NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs), a prominent component of the NSC secretome, play a crucial role in modulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as regulating the NSC microenvironment, promoting endogenous NSC differentiation, and facilitating the maturation of neurons and glial cells. Moreover, NSC-sEVs exhibit reduced immunogenicity, decreased tumorigenic potential, and enhanced ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, NSC-sEVs present novel therapeutic approaches as non-cellular treatments for neurological disorders and are poised to serve as a viable alternative to stem cell therapies. Furthermore, NSC-sEVs can be manipulated to enhance production efficiency, improve biological activity, and optimize targeting specificity, thereby significantly advancing the utilization of NSC-sEVs in clinical settings for neurological conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological functions of NSC-sEVs, their therapeutic implications and underlying molecular mechanisms in diverse neurological disorders, as well as the potential for engineering NSC-sEVs as drug delivery platforms. Additionally, the limitations and challenges faced by NSC-sEVs in practical applications were discussed in depth, and targeted solutions were proposed.
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spelling doaj-art-41451539ea7d4ce9abd5573da8ec84702025-08-20T03:10:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-04-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15482061548206Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseasesMengyao Wang0Mengyao Wang1Dongdong Chen2Dongdong Chen3Renjie Pan4Renjie Pan5Yue Sun6Yue Sun7Xinyu He8Xinyu He9Youming Qiu10Youming Qiu11Yuexin Hu12Yuexin Hu13Xiangsheng Wu14Xiangsheng Wu15Xuxiang Xi16Xuxiang Xi17Rong Hu18Rong Hu19Zhigang Jiao20Zhigang Jiao21Zhigang Jiao22Zhigang Jiao23Zhigang Jiao24Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaPrecision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, ChinaNeural stem cells (NSCs) possess pluripotent characteristics, proliferative capacity, and the ability to self-renew. In the context of neurological diseases, transplantation of NSCs has been shown to facilitate neurological repair through paracrine mechanisms. NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs), a prominent component of the NSC secretome, play a crucial role in modulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as regulating the NSC microenvironment, promoting endogenous NSC differentiation, and facilitating the maturation of neurons and glial cells. Moreover, NSC-sEVs exhibit reduced immunogenicity, decreased tumorigenic potential, and enhanced ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, NSC-sEVs present novel therapeutic approaches as non-cellular treatments for neurological disorders and are poised to serve as a viable alternative to stem cell therapies. Furthermore, NSC-sEVs can be manipulated to enhance production efficiency, improve biological activity, and optimize targeting specificity, thereby significantly advancing the utilization of NSC-sEVs in clinical settings for neurological conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological functions of NSC-sEVs, their therapeutic implications and underlying molecular mechanisms in diverse neurological disorders, as well as the potential for engineering NSC-sEVs as drug delivery platforms. Additionally, the limitations and challenges faced by NSC-sEVs in practical applications were discussed in depth, and targeted solutions were proposed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206/fullneural stem cellsmall extracellular vesiclesNSC-derived small extracellular vesiclesneurological diseasesneuroprotective
spellingShingle Mengyao Wang
Mengyao Wang
Dongdong Chen
Dongdong Chen
Renjie Pan
Renjie Pan
Yue Sun
Yue Sun
Xinyu He
Xinyu He
Youming Qiu
Youming Qiu
Yuexin Hu
Yuexin Hu
Xiangsheng Wu
Xiangsheng Wu
Xuxiang Xi
Xuxiang Xi
Rong Hu
Rong Hu
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Zhigang Jiao
Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
Frontiers in Immunology
neural stem cell
small extracellular vesicles
NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles
neurological diseases
neuroprotective
title Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
title_full Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
title_fullStr Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
title_full_unstemmed Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
title_short Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
title_sort neural stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
topic neural stem cell
small extracellular vesicles
NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles
neurological diseases
neuroprotective
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206/full
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