Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess pluripotent characteristics, proliferative capacity, and the ability to self-renew. In the context of neurological diseases, transplantation of NSCs has been shown to facilitate neurological repair through paracrine mechanisms. NSC-derived small extracellular vesicle...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206/full |
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| author | Mengyao Wang Mengyao Wang Dongdong Chen Dongdong Chen Renjie Pan Renjie Pan Yue Sun Yue Sun Xinyu He Xinyu He Youming Qiu Youming Qiu Yuexin Hu Yuexin Hu Xiangsheng Wu Xiangsheng Wu Xuxiang Xi Xuxiang Xi Rong Hu Rong Hu Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao |
| author_facet | Mengyao Wang Mengyao Wang Dongdong Chen Dongdong Chen Renjie Pan Renjie Pan Yue Sun Yue Sun Xinyu He Xinyu He Youming Qiu Youming Qiu Yuexin Hu Yuexin Hu Xiangsheng Wu Xiangsheng Wu Xuxiang Xi Xuxiang Xi Rong Hu Rong Hu Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao |
| author_sort | Mengyao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess pluripotent characteristics, proliferative capacity, and the ability to self-renew. In the context of neurological diseases, transplantation of NSCs has been shown to facilitate neurological repair through paracrine mechanisms. NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs), a prominent component of the NSC secretome, play a crucial role in modulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as regulating the NSC microenvironment, promoting endogenous NSC differentiation, and facilitating the maturation of neurons and glial cells. Moreover, NSC-sEVs exhibit reduced immunogenicity, decreased tumorigenic potential, and enhanced ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, NSC-sEVs present novel therapeutic approaches as non-cellular treatments for neurological disorders and are poised to serve as a viable alternative to stem cell therapies. Furthermore, NSC-sEVs can be manipulated to enhance production efficiency, improve biological activity, and optimize targeting specificity, thereby significantly advancing the utilization of NSC-sEVs in clinical settings for neurological conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological functions of NSC-sEVs, their therapeutic implications and underlying molecular mechanisms in diverse neurological disorders, as well as the potential for engineering NSC-sEVs as drug delivery platforms. Additionally, the limitations and challenges faced by NSC-sEVs in practical applications were discussed in depth, and targeted solutions were proposed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41451539ea7d4ce9abd5573da8ec8470 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-41451539ea7d4ce9abd5573da8ec84702025-08-20T03:10:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-04-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15482061548206Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseasesMengyao Wang0Mengyao Wang1Dongdong Chen2Dongdong Chen3Renjie Pan4Renjie Pan5Yue Sun6Yue Sun7Xinyu He8Xinyu He9Youming Qiu10Youming Qiu11Yuexin Hu12Yuexin Hu13Xiangsheng Wu14Xiangsheng Wu15Xuxiang Xi16Xuxiang Xi17Rong Hu18Rong Hu19Zhigang Jiao20Zhigang Jiao21Zhigang Jiao22Zhigang Jiao23Zhigang Jiao24Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaCollege of Medical Technology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaPrecision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, ChinaNeural stem cells (NSCs) possess pluripotent characteristics, proliferative capacity, and the ability to self-renew. In the context of neurological diseases, transplantation of NSCs has been shown to facilitate neurological repair through paracrine mechanisms. NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs), a prominent component of the NSC secretome, play a crucial role in modulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as regulating the NSC microenvironment, promoting endogenous NSC differentiation, and facilitating the maturation of neurons and glial cells. Moreover, NSC-sEVs exhibit reduced immunogenicity, decreased tumorigenic potential, and enhanced ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, NSC-sEVs present novel therapeutic approaches as non-cellular treatments for neurological disorders and are poised to serve as a viable alternative to stem cell therapies. Furthermore, NSC-sEVs can be manipulated to enhance production efficiency, improve biological activity, and optimize targeting specificity, thereby significantly advancing the utilization of NSC-sEVs in clinical settings for neurological conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological functions of NSC-sEVs, their therapeutic implications and underlying molecular mechanisms in diverse neurological disorders, as well as the potential for engineering NSC-sEVs as drug delivery platforms. Additionally, the limitations and challenges faced by NSC-sEVs in practical applications were discussed in depth, and targeted solutions were proposed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206/fullneural stem cellsmall extracellular vesiclesNSC-derived small extracellular vesiclesneurological diseasesneuroprotective |
| spellingShingle | Mengyao Wang Mengyao Wang Dongdong Chen Dongdong Chen Renjie Pan Renjie Pan Yue Sun Yue Sun Xinyu He Xinyu He Youming Qiu Youming Qiu Yuexin Hu Yuexin Hu Xiangsheng Wu Xiangsheng Wu Xuxiang Xi Xuxiang Xi Rong Hu Rong Hu Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Zhigang Jiao Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases Frontiers in Immunology neural stem cell small extracellular vesicles NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles neurological diseases neuroprotective |
| title | Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases |
| title_full | Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases |
| title_fullStr | Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases |
| title_short | Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases |
| title_sort | neural stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles a new therapy approach in neurological diseases |
| topic | neural stem cell small extracellular vesicles NSC-derived small extracellular vesicles neurological diseases neuroprotective |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206/full |
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