Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake
Abstract Magnitude determination in earthquake early warning (EEW) systems remains a significant challenge. On April 2, 2024, a Mw 7.4 earthquake struck Taiwan. The Central Weather Administration (CWA) EEW system estimated the magnitude at 6.8 within 15 s, resulting in no alerts for the Taipei metro...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97748-z |
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| author | Yueh-Ho Lin Yih-Min Wu |
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| description | Abstract Magnitude determination in earthquake early warning (EEW) systems remains a significant challenge. On April 2, 2024, a Mw 7.4 earthquake struck Taiwan. The Central Weather Administration (CWA) EEW system estimated the magnitude at 6.8 within 15 s, resulting in no alerts for the Taipei metropolitan region, which experienced an intensity level of 5 lower (PGV ≥ 15 cm/s) on the CWA’s intensity scale. The lack of warning alerts sparked widespread complaints, highlighting concerns over the effectiveness of the current EEW system. This study compares the parameter cumulative absolute absement ( $$\:CAA$$ ) with the currently used parameters — the peak vertical displacement ( $$\:Pd$$ ) and the average period ( $$\:{\tau\:}_{c}$$ ) — for quick magnitude estimation of the April 2, 2024, earthquake using low-cost sensors. Results indicate that $$\:Pd$$ provides closer estimates of the CWA final ML but carries higher uncertainty. Conversely, $$\:CAA$$ yields more stable estimates. Notably, the northward rupture of this earthquake caused overestimation when only northern stations were used and underestimation with only southern stations, underscoring the critical importance of proper station distribution. Interestingly, $$\:{\tau\:}_{c}$$ demonstrates less sensitivity to rupture directionality, suggesting its potential robustness in such scenarios. These findings underscore optimizing parameter selection and station configuration for robust EEW, enabling rapid magnitude estimation to significantly reduce losses. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-413623abb44e4629b06731bd303049fa2025-08-20T02:12:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-97748-zMagnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquakeYueh-Ho Lin0Yih-Min Wu1Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Geosciences, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract Magnitude determination in earthquake early warning (EEW) systems remains a significant challenge. On April 2, 2024, a Mw 7.4 earthquake struck Taiwan. The Central Weather Administration (CWA) EEW system estimated the magnitude at 6.8 within 15 s, resulting in no alerts for the Taipei metropolitan region, which experienced an intensity level of 5 lower (PGV ≥ 15 cm/s) on the CWA’s intensity scale. The lack of warning alerts sparked widespread complaints, highlighting concerns over the effectiveness of the current EEW system. This study compares the parameter cumulative absolute absement ( $$\:CAA$$ ) with the currently used parameters — the peak vertical displacement ( $$\:Pd$$ ) and the average period ( $$\:{\tau\:}_{c}$$ ) — for quick magnitude estimation of the April 2, 2024, earthquake using low-cost sensors. Results indicate that $$\:Pd$$ provides closer estimates of the CWA final ML but carries higher uncertainty. Conversely, $$\:CAA$$ yields more stable estimates. Notably, the northward rupture of this earthquake caused overestimation when only northern stations were used and underestimation with only southern stations, underscoring the critical importance of proper station distribution. Interestingly, $$\:{\tau\:}_{c}$$ demonstrates less sensitivity to rupture directionality, suggesting its potential robustness in such scenarios. These findings underscore optimizing parameter selection and station configuration for robust EEW, enabling rapid magnitude estimation to significantly reduce losses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97748-zEarthquakeEarthquake Early WarningMagnitude EstimationLow-cost Sensors |
| spellingShingle | Yueh-Ho Lin Yih-Min Wu Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake Scientific Reports Earthquake Earthquake Early Warning Magnitude Estimation Low-cost Sensors |
| title | Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake |
| title_full | Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake |
| title_fullStr | Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake |
| title_short | Magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using P-alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake |
| title_sort | magnitude determination for earthquake early warning using p alert low cost sensors during 2024 mw7 4 hualien taiwan earthquake |
| topic | Earthquake Earthquake Early Warning Magnitude Estimation Low-cost Sensors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97748-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuehholin magnitudedeterminationforearthquakeearlywarningusingpalertlowcostsensorsduring2024mw74hualientaiwanearthquake AT yihminwu magnitudedeterminationforearthquakeearlywarningusingpalertlowcostsensorsduring2024mw74hualientaiwanearthquake |