Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds

Abstract Due to its unique estuarine location at the junction of land and sea, mangrove wetlands are surrounded by numerous high-elevation shrimp ponds. The high-elevation shrimp ponds around the mangrove forest undergo 2.3 clearances by quicklime (CaO) disinfectant per year in China, but the impact...

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Main Authors: Yunan Yang, Zhe Li, Nan Zhou, Yangang Lin, Qian Sheng, Myat Thiri, Yao Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02440-x
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author Yunan Yang
Zhe Li
Nan Zhou
Yangang Lin
Qian Sheng
Myat Thiri
Yao Wang
author_facet Yunan Yang
Zhe Li
Nan Zhou
Yangang Lin
Qian Sheng
Myat Thiri
Yao Wang
author_sort Yunan Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Due to its unique estuarine location at the junction of land and sea, mangrove wetlands are surrounded by numerous high-elevation shrimp ponds. The high-elevation shrimp ponds around the mangrove forest undergo 2.3 clearances by quicklime (CaO) disinfectant per year in China, but the impact of the quicklime disinfectant used and emitted on the mangrove wetland ecosystem is seriously underestimated. Due to the relatively limited data provided by high-elevation shrimp pond aquaculture in estuarine areas for the mangrove ecosystem, this study established an algorithm for calculating the reaction rate of quicklime disinfectants used in high-elevation shrimp pond aquaculture, which is the fundamental reason for the imbalance of N/P ratio in mangrove wetlands. Results showed that the amount of Ca(OH)2 produced by quicklime during the initial cleaning of the shrimp pond was 1303.4 t/a. The annual consumption of Ca(OH)2 by organic acids, strong chlorine disinfectants, and TP in the marine system was 154.6–171.5 t, 1.7 t, and < 284.5 t, respectively. The lack of phosphorus and the imbalance of N/P ratio caused by quicklime disinfectants may be a factor in the changes of mangrove wetlands and surrounding nearshore waters, the growth and decline of marine species, and even global changes.
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spelling doaj-art-4135bef4fa34486aba80c9cea6b269482025-08-20T01:53:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-02440-xAnalysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp pondsYunan Yang0Zhe Li1Nan Zhou2Yangang Lin3Qian Sheng4Myat Thiri5Yao Wang6School of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversityAbstract Due to its unique estuarine location at the junction of land and sea, mangrove wetlands are surrounded by numerous high-elevation shrimp ponds. The high-elevation shrimp ponds around the mangrove forest undergo 2.3 clearances by quicklime (CaO) disinfectant per year in China, but the impact of the quicklime disinfectant used and emitted on the mangrove wetland ecosystem is seriously underestimated. Due to the relatively limited data provided by high-elevation shrimp pond aquaculture in estuarine areas for the mangrove ecosystem, this study established an algorithm for calculating the reaction rate of quicklime disinfectants used in high-elevation shrimp pond aquaculture, which is the fundamental reason for the imbalance of N/P ratio in mangrove wetlands. Results showed that the amount of Ca(OH)2 produced by quicklime during the initial cleaning of the shrimp pond was 1303.4 t/a. The annual consumption of Ca(OH)2 by organic acids, strong chlorine disinfectants, and TP in the marine system was 154.6–171.5 t, 1.7 t, and < 284.5 t, respectively. The lack of phosphorus and the imbalance of N/P ratio caused by quicklime disinfectants may be a factor in the changes of mangrove wetlands and surrounding nearshore waters, the growth and decline of marine species, and even global changes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02440-x
spellingShingle Yunan Yang
Zhe Li
Nan Zhou
Yangang Lin
Qian Sheng
Myat Thiri
Yao Wang
Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
Scientific Reports
title Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
title_full Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
title_fullStr Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
title_short Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
title_sort analysis of the causes of n p imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02440-x
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