Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.

Vaccinia virus interferes with early events of the activation pathway of the transcriptional factor NF-kB by binding to numerous host TIR-domain containing adaptor proteins. We have previously determined the X-ray structure of the A46 C-terminal domain; however, the structure and function of the A46...

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Main Authors: Sofiya Fedosyuk, Gustavo Arruda Bezerra, Katharina Radakovics, Terry K Smith, Massimo Sammito, Nina Bobik, Adam Round, Lynn F Ten Eyck, Kristina Djinović-Carugo, Isabel Usón, Tim Skern
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2016-12-01
Series:PLoS Pathogens
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006079&type=printable
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author Sofiya Fedosyuk
Gustavo Arruda Bezerra
Katharina Radakovics
Terry K Smith
Massimo Sammito
Nina Bobik
Adam Round
Lynn F Ten Eyck
Kristina Djinović-Carugo
Isabel Usón
Tim Skern
author_facet Sofiya Fedosyuk
Gustavo Arruda Bezerra
Katharina Radakovics
Terry K Smith
Massimo Sammito
Nina Bobik
Adam Round
Lynn F Ten Eyck
Kristina Djinović-Carugo
Isabel Usón
Tim Skern
author_sort Sofiya Fedosyuk
collection DOAJ
description Vaccinia virus interferes with early events of the activation pathway of the transcriptional factor NF-kB by binding to numerous host TIR-domain containing adaptor proteins. We have previously determined the X-ray structure of the A46 C-terminal domain; however, the structure and function of the A46 N-terminal domain and its relationship to the C-terminal domain have remained unclear. Here, we biophysically characterize residues 1-83 of the N-terminal domain of A46 and present the X-ray structure at 1.55 Å. Crystallographic phases were obtained by a recently developed ab initio method entitled ARCIMBOLDO_BORGES that employs tertiary structure libraries extracted from the Protein Data Bank; data analysis revealed an all β-sheet structure. This is the first such structure solved by this method which should be applicable to any protein composed entirely of β-sheets. The A46(1-83) structure itself is a β-sandwich containing a co-purified molecule of myristic acid inside a hydrophobic pocket and represents a previously unknown lipid-binding fold. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of long-chain fatty acids in both N-terminal and full-length A46; mutation of the hydrophobic pocket reduced the lipid content. Using a combination of high resolution X-ray structures of the N- and C-terminal domains and SAXS analysis of full-length protein A46(1-240), we present here a structural model of A46 in a tetrameric assembly. Integrating affinity measurements and structural data, we propose how A46 simultaneously interferes with several TIR-domain containing proteins to inhibit NF-κB activation and postulate that A46 employs a bipartite binding arrangement to sequester the host immune adaptors TRAM and MyD88.
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spelling doaj-art-4120c21604904d6bbfde04d0e9cc44e42025-08-20T02:31:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742016-12-011212e100607910.1371/journal.ppat.1006079Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.Sofiya FedosyukGustavo Arruda BezerraKatharina RadakovicsTerry K SmithMassimo SammitoNina BobikAdam RoundLynn F Ten EyckKristina Djinović-CarugoIsabel UsónTim SkernVaccinia virus interferes with early events of the activation pathway of the transcriptional factor NF-kB by binding to numerous host TIR-domain containing adaptor proteins. We have previously determined the X-ray structure of the A46 C-terminal domain; however, the structure and function of the A46 N-terminal domain and its relationship to the C-terminal domain have remained unclear. Here, we biophysically characterize residues 1-83 of the N-terminal domain of A46 and present the X-ray structure at 1.55 Å. Crystallographic phases were obtained by a recently developed ab initio method entitled ARCIMBOLDO_BORGES that employs tertiary structure libraries extracted from the Protein Data Bank; data analysis revealed an all β-sheet structure. This is the first such structure solved by this method which should be applicable to any protein composed entirely of β-sheets. The A46(1-83) structure itself is a β-sandwich containing a co-purified molecule of myristic acid inside a hydrophobic pocket and represents a previously unknown lipid-binding fold. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of long-chain fatty acids in both N-terminal and full-length A46; mutation of the hydrophobic pocket reduced the lipid content. Using a combination of high resolution X-ray structures of the N- and C-terminal domains and SAXS analysis of full-length protein A46(1-240), we present here a structural model of A46 in a tetrameric assembly. Integrating affinity measurements and structural data, we propose how A46 simultaneously interferes with several TIR-domain containing proteins to inhibit NF-κB activation and postulate that A46 employs a bipartite binding arrangement to sequester the host immune adaptors TRAM and MyD88.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006079&type=printable
spellingShingle Sofiya Fedosyuk
Gustavo Arruda Bezerra
Katharina Radakovics
Terry K Smith
Massimo Sammito
Nina Bobik
Adam Round
Lynn F Ten Eyck
Kristina Djinović-Carugo
Isabel Usón
Tim Skern
Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.
PLoS Pathogens
title Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.
title_full Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.
title_fullStr Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.
title_full_unstemmed Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.
title_short Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulator A46: A Lipid and Protein-Binding Scaffold for Sequestering Host TIR-Domain Proteins.
title_sort vaccinia virus immunomodulator a46 a lipid and protein binding scaffold for sequestering host tir domain proteins
url https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006079&type=printable
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