Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings

Hemodynamic homeostasis is essential for adapting the heart rate (HR) to postural and physiological changes during daily activities. Traditional HR monitoring, such as 24 hour (h) Holter monitoring, provides important information on homeostasis during daily living. However, this approach lacks concu...

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Main Authors: Eitan E. Asher, Eran Gazit, Nasim Montazeri, Elisa Mejía-Mejía, Rachel Godfrey, David A. Bennett, Veronique G. VanderHorst, Aron S. Buchman, Andrew S. P. Lim, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1945
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author Eitan E. Asher
Eran Gazit
Nasim Montazeri
Elisa Mejía-Mejía
Rachel Godfrey
David A. Bennett
Veronique G. VanderHorst
Aron S. Buchman
Andrew S. P. Lim
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
author_facet Eitan E. Asher
Eran Gazit
Nasim Montazeri
Elisa Mejía-Mejía
Rachel Godfrey
David A. Bennett
Veronique G. VanderHorst
Aron S. Buchman
Andrew S. P. Lim
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
author_sort Eitan E. Asher
collection DOAJ
description Hemodynamic homeostasis is essential for adapting the heart rate (HR) to postural and physiological changes during daily activities. Traditional HR monitoring, such as 24 hour (h) Holter monitoring, provides important information on homeostasis during daily living. However, this approach lacks concurrent activity recording, limiting insights into hemodynamic adaptation and our ability to interpret changes in HR. To address this, we utilized a novel wearable sensor system (ANNE<i><sup>@Sibel</sup></i>) to capture time-locked HR and daily activity (i.e., lying, sitting, standing, walking) data in 105 community-dwelling older adults. We developed custom tools to extract 24 h time-locked measurements and introduced a “heart rate response score” (HRRS), based on root Jensen–Shannon divergence, to quantify HR changes relative to activity. As expected, we found a progressive HR increase with more vigorous activities, though individual responses varied widely, highlighting heterogeneous HR adaptations. The HRRS (mean: 0.38 ± 0.14; min: −0.11; max: 0.74) summarized person-specific HR changes and was correlated with several clinical measures, including systolic blood pressure changes during postural transitions (r = 0.325, <i>p</i> = 0.003), orthostatic hypotension status, and calcium channel blocker medication use. These findings demonstrate the potential of unobtrusive sensors in remote phenotyping as a means of providing valuable physiological and behavioral data to enhance the quantitative description of aging phenotypes. This approach could enhance personalized medicine by informing targeted interventions based on hemodynamic adaptations during everyday activities.
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spelling doaj-art-40fa5ed22d6e4a49b85d97fbd92ce0672025-08-20T01:49:03ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01256194510.3390/s25061945Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary FindingsEitan E. Asher0Eran Gazit1Nasim Montazeri2Elisa Mejía-Mejía3Rachel Godfrey4David A. Bennett5Veronique G. VanderHorst6Aron S. Buchman7Andrew S. P. Lim8Jeffrey M. Hausdorff9Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, IsraelCenter for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, IsraelDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, CanadaRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USARush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USARush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USARush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USADivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, CanadaCenter for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, IsraelHemodynamic homeostasis is essential for adapting the heart rate (HR) to postural and physiological changes during daily activities. Traditional HR monitoring, such as 24 hour (h) Holter monitoring, provides important information on homeostasis during daily living. However, this approach lacks concurrent activity recording, limiting insights into hemodynamic adaptation and our ability to interpret changes in HR. To address this, we utilized a novel wearable sensor system (ANNE<i><sup>@Sibel</sup></i>) to capture time-locked HR and daily activity (i.e., lying, sitting, standing, walking) data in 105 community-dwelling older adults. We developed custom tools to extract 24 h time-locked measurements and introduced a “heart rate response score” (HRRS), based on root Jensen–Shannon divergence, to quantify HR changes relative to activity. As expected, we found a progressive HR increase with more vigorous activities, though individual responses varied widely, highlighting heterogeneous HR adaptations. The HRRS (mean: 0.38 ± 0.14; min: −0.11; max: 0.74) summarized person-specific HR changes and was correlated with several clinical measures, including systolic blood pressure changes during postural transitions (r = 0.325, <i>p</i> = 0.003), orthostatic hypotension status, and calcium channel blocker medication use. These findings demonstrate the potential of unobtrusive sensors in remote phenotyping as a means of providing valuable physiological and behavioral data to enhance the quantitative description of aging phenotypes. This approach could enhance personalized medicine by informing targeted interventions based on hemodynamic adaptations during everyday activities.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1945heart ratewearable sensorshemodynamic responseautonomic functionagingcontinuous monitoring
spellingShingle Eitan E. Asher
Eran Gazit
Nasim Montazeri
Elisa Mejía-Mejía
Rachel Godfrey
David A. Bennett
Veronique G. VanderHorst
Aron S. Buchman
Andrew S. P. Lim
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings
Sensors
heart rate
wearable sensors
hemodynamic response
autonomic function
aging
continuous monitoring
title Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings
title_full Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings
title_fullStr Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings
title_full_unstemmed Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings
title_short Combining 24-Hour Continuous Monitoring of Time-Locked Heart Rate, Physical Activity and Gait in Older Adults: Preliminary Findings
title_sort combining 24 hour continuous monitoring of time locked heart rate physical activity and gait in older adults preliminary findings
topic heart rate
wearable sensors
hemodynamic response
autonomic function
aging
continuous monitoring
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1945
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