Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals

ABSTRACT Background Information about the association of antimicrobial peptides with hypovitaminosis D in hospitalized foals is lacking. Hypothesis/Objectives We aimed to longitudinally determine the association of serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and p...

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Main Authors: Ahmed M. Kamr, Celine Bartish, Jamie Summers, Julia Horton, Laura D. Hostnik, Kindra Orr, Nimet Browne, Katarzyna A. Dembek, Caroline Saliba, Diego E. Gomez, Ramiro E. Toribio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70012
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author Ahmed M. Kamr
Celine Bartish
Jamie Summers
Julia Horton
Laura D. Hostnik
Kindra Orr
Nimet Browne
Katarzyna A. Dembek
Caroline Saliba
Diego E. Gomez
Ramiro E. Toribio
author_facet Ahmed M. Kamr
Celine Bartish
Jamie Summers
Julia Horton
Laura D. Hostnik
Kindra Orr
Nimet Browne
Katarzyna A. Dembek
Caroline Saliba
Diego E. Gomez
Ramiro E. Toribio
author_sort Ahmed M. Kamr
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Information about the association of antimicrobial peptides with hypovitaminosis D in hospitalized foals is lacking. Hypothesis/Objectives We aimed to longitudinally determine the association of serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with antimicrobial peptides (β‐defensin‐1 and cathelicidin‐1) and the mRNA expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1α‐hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24‐hydroxylase (CYP24A1), toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. We hypothesized that hypovitaminosis D would be associated with decreased serum concentrations of antimicrobial peptides, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. Animals One hundred nine foals ≤ 72 h of age divided into hospitalized (n = 83; 60 septic, 23 sick nonseptic [SNS]) and healthy (n = 26) foals. Methods Blood samples were collected on admission (0), and 24, 48, and 72 h after admission from healthy and hospitalized foals. Data were analyzed by repeated measure methods. Results Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, DBP, β‐defensin‐1, and cathlicidin‐1 concentrations were significantly lower, whereas PTH concentrations were higher in hospitalized compared to healthy foals at different times during hospitalization (p < 0.05). Septic foals had lower VDR and CYP27B1, but higher TLR‐4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β mRNA expression than in healthy foals (p < 0.05). Decreased serum 25(OH)D, β‐defensin‐1, and cathelicidin‐1, and high PTH concentrations were associated with higher odds of death in hospitalized foals (p < 0.05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased vitamin D metabolite concentrations and decreased antimicrobial peptide concentrations suggest that vitamin D has important immunomodulatory functions in newborn foals.
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spelling doaj-art-40f9f6d2be3c460fa10094e2a7672d862025-08-20T02:27:45ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-03-01392n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70012Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized FoalsAhmed M. Kamr0Celine Bartish1Jamie Summers2Julia Horton3Laura D. Hostnik4Kindra Orr5Nimet Browne6Katarzyna A. Dembek7Caroline Saliba8Diego E. Gomez9Ramiro E. Toribio10College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USACollege of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USACollege of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USACollege of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USACollege of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USARood and Riddle Equine Hospital Lexington Kentucky USAHagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USACollege of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USARood and Riddle Equine Hospital Lexington Kentucky USADepartment of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario CanadaCollege of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USAABSTRACT Background Information about the association of antimicrobial peptides with hypovitaminosis D in hospitalized foals is lacking. Hypothesis/Objectives We aimed to longitudinally determine the association of serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with antimicrobial peptides (β‐defensin‐1 and cathelicidin‐1) and the mRNA expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1α‐hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24‐hydroxylase (CYP24A1), toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. We hypothesized that hypovitaminosis D would be associated with decreased serum concentrations of antimicrobial peptides, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. Animals One hundred nine foals ≤ 72 h of age divided into hospitalized (n = 83; 60 septic, 23 sick nonseptic [SNS]) and healthy (n = 26) foals. Methods Blood samples were collected on admission (0), and 24, 48, and 72 h after admission from healthy and hospitalized foals. Data were analyzed by repeated measure methods. Results Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, DBP, β‐defensin‐1, and cathlicidin‐1 concentrations were significantly lower, whereas PTH concentrations were higher in hospitalized compared to healthy foals at different times during hospitalization (p < 0.05). Septic foals had lower VDR and CYP27B1, but higher TLR‐4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β mRNA expression than in healthy foals (p < 0.05). Decreased serum 25(OH)D, β‐defensin‐1, and cathelicidin‐1, and high PTH concentrations were associated with higher odds of death in hospitalized foals (p < 0.05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased vitamin D metabolite concentrations and decreased antimicrobial peptide concentrations suggest that vitamin D has important immunomodulatory functions in newborn foals.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70012cathelicidin‐1cytokineD25(OH)equine neonatevitamin D binding proteinβ‐defensin‐1
spellingShingle Ahmed M. Kamr
Celine Bartish
Jamie Summers
Julia Horton
Laura D. Hostnik
Kindra Orr
Nimet Browne
Katarzyna A. Dembek
Caroline Saliba
Diego E. Gomez
Ramiro E. Toribio
Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
cathelicidin‐1
cytokine
D25(OH)
equine neonate
vitamin D binding protein
β‐defensin‐1
title Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
title_full Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
title_fullStr Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
title_short Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals
title_sort longitudinal evaluation of vitamin d parathyroid hormone antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory genes in hospitalized foals
topic cathelicidin‐1
cytokine
D25(OH)
equine neonate
vitamin D binding protein
β‐defensin‐1
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70012
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