The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background: Complications associated with metal-on-metal (MOM) prostheses, such as adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMDs), include pseudotumor (PT) formation, metallosis, and soft tissue necrosis. High short-term failure rates have been reported for various MOM total hip arthroplasties (THAs) due...

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Main Authors: Hiroki Wakabayashi, Masahiro Hasegawa, Yohei Naito, Shine Tone, Akihiro Sudo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/2/161
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author Hiroki Wakabayashi
Masahiro Hasegawa
Yohei Naito
Shine Tone
Akihiro Sudo
author_facet Hiroki Wakabayashi
Masahiro Hasegawa
Yohei Naito
Shine Tone
Akihiro Sudo
author_sort Hiroki Wakabayashi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Complications associated with metal-on-metal (MOM) prostheses, such as adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMDs), include pseudotumor (PT) formation, metallosis, and soft tissue necrosis. High short-term failure rates have been reported for various MOM total hip arthroplasties (THAs) due to ARMDs. ARMDs in MOM THAs can potentially lead to secondary failure modes, such as dislocation or infection. Objectives: This study aims to examine the cumulative incidence of revisions due to ARMDs and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary MOM total hip arthroplasty and to compare the outcomes of ARMD and PJI cases. Methods: Between 2006 and 2011, 247 primary MOM THAs were performed on 230 patients (39 men, 191 women) with a mean age of 64.1 years. The average follow-up duration was 10.5 years. Results: Thirty-eight hips were converted to metal-on-polyethylene articulation between 1.2 and 14.7 years postoperatively (mean: 7.2 years) due to pain, swelling, infection, and/or implant failure. Eight hips (3.2%) were complicated by infection, while 30 hips (12.1%) were diagnosed with ARMDs. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was significantly more prevalent in patients with PJI. Preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly elevated in THAs diagnosed with PJI compared to ARMD cases. Additionally, the preoperative white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-to-WBC ratios were significantly higher in THAs with PJI, while the lymphocyte-to-WBC ratios were significantly lower. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative infection in MOM THA cases was 3.2%, with a notable occurrence of late-onset infections. Differentiating ARMDs from PJI in MOM THA cases remains crucial.
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spelling doaj-art-40f38a040e6546f599591b207e5d17212025-08-20T02:44:55ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-02-0114216110.3390/antibiotics14020161The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip ArthroplastyHiroki Wakabayashi0Masahiro Hasegawa1Yohei Naito2Shine Tone3Akihiro Sudo4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, JapanBackground: Complications associated with metal-on-metal (MOM) prostheses, such as adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMDs), include pseudotumor (PT) formation, metallosis, and soft tissue necrosis. High short-term failure rates have been reported for various MOM total hip arthroplasties (THAs) due to ARMDs. ARMDs in MOM THAs can potentially lead to secondary failure modes, such as dislocation or infection. Objectives: This study aims to examine the cumulative incidence of revisions due to ARMDs and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary MOM total hip arthroplasty and to compare the outcomes of ARMD and PJI cases. Methods: Between 2006 and 2011, 247 primary MOM THAs were performed on 230 patients (39 men, 191 women) with a mean age of 64.1 years. The average follow-up duration was 10.5 years. Results: Thirty-eight hips were converted to metal-on-polyethylene articulation between 1.2 and 14.7 years postoperatively (mean: 7.2 years) due to pain, swelling, infection, and/or implant failure. Eight hips (3.2%) were complicated by infection, while 30 hips (12.1%) were diagnosed with ARMDs. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was significantly more prevalent in patients with PJI. Preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly elevated in THAs diagnosed with PJI compared to ARMD cases. Additionally, the preoperative white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-to-WBC ratios were significantly higher in THAs with PJI, while the lymphocyte-to-WBC ratios were significantly lower. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative infection in MOM THA cases was 3.2%, with a notable occurrence of late-onset infections. Differentiating ARMDs from PJI in MOM THA cases remains crucial.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/2/161periprosthetic hip joint infectionirrigation and debridementantibiotic-impregnated calcium hydroxyapatite
spellingShingle Hiroki Wakabayashi
Masahiro Hasegawa
Yohei Naito
Shine Tone
Akihiro Sudo
The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
Antibiotics
periprosthetic hip joint infection
irrigation and debridement
antibiotic-impregnated calcium hydroxyapatite
title The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
title_full The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
title_fullStr The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
title_full_unstemmed The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
title_short The Long-Term Survivorship and Cause of Failure of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
title_sort long term survivorship and cause of failure of metal on metal total hip arthroplasty
topic periprosthetic hip joint infection
irrigation and debridement
antibiotic-impregnated calcium hydroxyapatite
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/2/161
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