Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008

BackgroundObesity is harmful to the retina. Few studies have examined obesity indicators for retinopathy, and our research is intended to elucidate this relationship.MethodsThis study assessed the association between obesity indicators and retinopathy using weighted multifactorial logistic regressio...

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Main Authors: Chuan-Xi Wang, Miao Kuang, Jing-Jing Hou, Si-Yu Lin, Sheng-Zhen Liu, Ning Bao, Zheng-Xuan Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1598240/full
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author Chuan-Xi Wang
Miao Kuang
Miao Kuang
Jing-Jing Hou
Si-Yu Lin
Sheng-Zhen Liu
Ning Bao
Zheng-Xuan Jiang
author_facet Chuan-Xi Wang
Miao Kuang
Miao Kuang
Jing-Jing Hou
Si-Yu Lin
Sheng-Zhen Liu
Ning Bao
Zheng-Xuan Jiang
author_sort Chuan-Xi Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundObesity is harmful to the retina. Few studies have examined obesity indicators for retinopathy, and our research is intended to elucidate this relationship.MethodsThis study assessed the association between obesity indicators and retinopathy using weighted multifactorial logistic regression, participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The stability of the relationship was tested by subgroup analysis. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to test for a non-linear relationship between them. Finally, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to compare the prognostic value of each obesity indicator for retinopathy.ResultsAfter adjusting the confounding factor, weighted logistic regression showed positive associations between body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), body mass index (BMI), and retinopathy. RCS curves found linear correlations between BRI, CI, WHtR, TMI, and WWI with retinopathy, except for BMI. Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions between age, sex, ethnicity, and education subgroups. ROC curves showed that WWI had the highest predictive value for retinopathy.ConclusionOverall, increased levels of these obesity indicators increase the likelihood of developing retinopathy.
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spelling doaj-art-40dcbea22b3b4dbcae2adbee4a0fd2792025-08-20T03:47:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-06-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15982401598240Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008Chuan-Xi Wang0Miao Kuang1Miao Kuang2Jing-Jing Hou3Si-Yu Lin4Sheng-Zhen Liu5Ning Bao6Zheng-Xuan Jiang7Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaXuancheng Eye Hospital, Xuancheng, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaBackgroundObesity is harmful to the retina. Few studies have examined obesity indicators for retinopathy, and our research is intended to elucidate this relationship.MethodsThis study assessed the association between obesity indicators and retinopathy using weighted multifactorial logistic regression, participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The stability of the relationship was tested by subgroup analysis. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to test for a non-linear relationship between them. Finally, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to compare the prognostic value of each obesity indicator for retinopathy.ResultsAfter adjusting the confounding factor, weighted logistic regression showed positive associations between body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), body mass index (BMI), and retinopathy. RCS curves found linear correlations between BRI, CI, WHtR, TMI, and WWI with retinopathy, except for BMI. Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions between age, sex, ethnicity, and education subgroups. ROC curves showed that WWI had the highest predictive value for retinopathy.ConclusionOverall, increased levels of these obesity indicators increase the likelihood of developing retinopathy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1598240/fullobesityretinopathyNHANESAmericancross-sectional study
spellingShingle Chuan-Xi Wang
Miao Kuang
Miao Kuang
Jing-Jing Hou
Si-Yu Lin
Sheng-Zhen Liu
Ning Bao
Zheng-Xuan Jiang
Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008
Frontiers in Nutrition
obesity
retinopathy
NHANES
American
cross-sectional study
title Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008
title_full Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008
title_fullStr Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008
title_full_unstemmed Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008
title_short Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005–2008
title_sort association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in us adults nhanes 2005 2008
topic obesity
retinopathy
NHANES
American
cross-sectional study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1598240/full
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