Effect of <i>ABCB1</i> Expression on Measurable Residual Disease in Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Background/Objectives: The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has significantly improved with the incorporation of innovative therapies such as immunotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and CAR-T cell-based treatments. Drug resistance, mediated by genes such as <i>ABCB1</i>, has...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Lymphatics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3307/3/1/6 |
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| Summary: | Background/Objectives: The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has significantly improved with the incorporation of innovative therapies such as immunotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and CAR-T cell-based treatments. Drug resistance, mediated by genes such as <i>ABCB1</i>, has been associated with reduced treatment efficacy in various clinical scenarios. Although measurable residual disease (MRD) is the most reliable tool for monitoring treatment response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the relationship between <i>ABCB1</i> expression and MRD remains unclear. Aims: To evaluate the expression of the <i>ABCB1</i> resistance gene and explore its potential relationship with measurable residual disease. Methods: Prospective cohort where 57 patients with de novo diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were admitted to the Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” between 2022 and 2024. Results: A total of 57 patients undergoing chemotherapy-based treatment were included, with a majority being male (<i>n</i> = 30, 52.6%) and a mean age of 32 years (range 18–71 years). Analysis of <i>ABCB1</i> gene expression revealed that 35.1% (<i>n</i> = 20) had low expression, 40.4% (<i>n</i> = 23) had overexpression, and 24.6% (<i>n</i> = 14) showed absent expression. No statistically significant association was identified between MRD positivity and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (<i>p</i> = 0.171, 95% CI) or the <i>ABCB1</i> high-risk group (high or absent expression) (<i>p</i> = 0.538, 95% CI). Conclusions: Although <i>ABCB1</i> expression remains a valuable tool for understanding drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, this study did not identify a significant relationship with MRD. MRD continues to be the most reliable prognostic factor in chemotherapy-based treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, underscoring its importance in personalized medicine. |
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| ISSN: | 2813-3307 |