Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae
This article reviews the scientific literature discussing the microbial interactions between water microbiota, live food microbiota, fish larvae immune system and gut microbiota, and biofilm microbial communities in rearing systems for marine fish larvae. Fish gut microbiota is the first line of def...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/539 |
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| author | Vasiliki Paralika Pavlos Makridis |
| author_facet | Vasiliki Paralika Pavlos Makridis |
| author_sort | Vasiliki Paralika |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article reviews the scientific literature discussing the microbial interactions between water microbiota, live food microbiota, fish larvae immune system and gut microbiota, and biofilm microbial communities in rearing systems for marine fish larvae. Fish gut microbiota is the first line of defense against opportunistic pathogens, and marine fish larvae are vulnerable to high mortalities during the first weeks after hatching. The bacterial colonization of fish larvae is a dynamic process influenced by environmental and host-related factors. The bacteria transferred to larvae from the eggs can influence the composition of the gut microbiota in the early stages of fish. Fish larvae ingest free-living microorganisms present in the water, as marine fish larvae drink water for osmoregulation. In marine aquaculture systems, the conventional feeding–rearing protocol consists of zooplankton (rotifers, Artemia, and copepods). These live food organisms are filter-feeders. Once transferred to a new environment, they quickly adopt the microflora of the surrounding water. So, the water microbiota is similar to the microbiota of the live food at the time of ingestion of live food by the larvae. In aquaculture rearing systems, bacterial biofilms may harbor opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and serve as a reservoir for those microbes, which may colonize the water column. The methods applied for the study of fish larvae microbiota were reviewed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40d7ee6188154c2d90162e2d4ce5fec5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-40d7ee6188154c2d90162e2d4ce5fec52025-08-20T01:48:53ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-02-0113353910.3390/microorganisms13030539Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish LarvaeVasiliki Paralika0Pavlos Makridis1Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, GreeceDepartment of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, GreeceThis article reviews the scientific literature discussing the microbial interactions between water microbiota, live food microbiota, fish larvae immune system and gut microbiota, and biofilm microbial communities in rearing systems for marine fish larvae. Fish gut microbiota is the first line of defense against opportunistic pathogens, and marine fish larvae are vulnerable to high mortalities during the first weeks after hatching. The bacterial colonization of fish larvae is a dynamic process influenced by environmental and host-related factors. The bacteria transferred to larvae from the eggs can influence the composition of the gut microbiota in the early stages of fish. Fish larvae ingest free-living microorganisms present in the water, as marine fish larvae drink water for osmoregulation. In marine aquaculture systems, the conventional feeding–rearing protocol consists of zooplankton (rotifers, Artemia, and copepods). These live food organisms are filter-feeders. Once transferred to a new environment, they quickly adopt the microflora of the surrounding water. So, the water microbiota is similar to the microbiota of the live food at the time of ingestion of live food by the larvae. In aquaculture rearing systems, bacterial biofilms may harbor opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and serve as a reservoir for those microbes, which may colonize the water column. The methods applied for the study of fish larvae microbiota were reviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/539live food webrotifersArtemiabacterial colonizationmicroalgaebiofilm |
| spellingShingle | Vasiliki Paralika Pavlos Makridis Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae Microorganisms live food web rotifers Artemia bacterial colonization microalgae biofilm |
| title | Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae |
| title_full | Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae |
| title_short | Microbial Interactions in Rearing Systems for Marine Fish Larvae |
| title_sort | microbial interactions in rearing systems for marine fish larvae |
| topic | live food web rotifers Artemia bacterial colonization microalgae biofilm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/539 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vasilikiparalika microbialinteractionsinrearingsystemsformarinefishlarvae AT pavlosmakridis microbialinteractionsinrearingsystemsformarinefishlarvae |