Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles

This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitization effects of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) on microscopic and macroscopic Dose Enhancement Ratios (DER) across various radiation energies and types, as well as different GNP concentrations. We utilized the OncoSeed 125I model with 6711 spectra, simula...

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Main Authors: Wrya Parwaie, Mikaeil Molazadeh, Tohid Mortezazadeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Cancer Treatment and Research Communications
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294225000693
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author Wrya Parwaie
Mikaeil Molazadeh
Tohid Mortezazadeh
author_facet Wrya Parwaie
Mikaeil Molazadeh
Tohid Mortezazadeh
author_sort Wrya Parwaie
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitization effects of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) on microscopic and macroscopic Dose Enhancement Ratios (DER) across various radiation energies and types, as well as different GNP concentrations. We utilized the OncoSeed 125I model with 6711 spectra, simulating linac megavoltage beams to irradiate GNP-loaded cells. Ten-nanometer GNPs filled small water cells (30 cm per side) in a cubic phantom, while additional 10 nm GNPs were placed in cubic voxels (0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 µm3) centered in a 1 cm diameter cell, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 mg/g of Au were used to study the Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF). Both elastic and inelastic scattering mechanisms were included to accurately model low- and high-energy radiations. A monoenergetic beam of 50 keV targeted the GNP-loaded tumors, with interaction physics managed using data from the ENDF/BIII.1 file. Our findings revealed significant radiosensitization effects, particularly with low-energy and short-range electrons (<1 µm). DEF values ranged from 1 to 30 mg/g of gold under a 50 keV photon beam, resulting in dose increases of up to 2.29 for photons and 1.22 for electrons. We observed a 100 % reduction in DEF for electrons at the same energy and concentration, while higher ratios were noted for the linac photon beam. The modeled 125I seed produced a dose rate of 0.965 ± 0.002 cGy h-1 U-1, consistent with findings from the TG-43 report and existing literature. Increasing radiation energy significantly decreased DER, while higher GNP concentrations resulted in a dramatic increase. Further research on this topic is strongly encouraged.
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spelling doaj-art-40cd37d00459428eb2c3fa78cc44ad5b2025-08-20T02:13:40ZengElsevierCancer Treatment and Research Communications2468-29422025-01-014310093310.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100933Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold NanoparticlesWrya Parwaie0Mikaeil Molazadeh1Tohid Mortezazadeh2Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranMedical Radiation Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Corresponding authors at: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Medical Radiation Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Corresponding authors at: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitization effects of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) on microscopic and macroscopic Dose Enhancement Ratios (DER) across various radiation energies and types, as well as different GNP concentrations. We utilized the OncoSeed 125I model with 6711 spectra, simulating linac megavoltage beams to irradiate GNP-loaded cells. Ten-nanometer GNPs filled small water cells (30 cm per side) in a cubic phantom, while additional 10 nm GNPs were placed in cubic voxels (0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 µm3) centered in a 1 cm diameter cell, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 mg/g of Au were used to study the Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF). Both elastic and inelastic scattering mechanisms were included to accurately model low- and high-energy radiations. A monoenergetic beam of 50 keV targeted the GNP-loaded tumors, with interaction physics managed using data from the ENDF/BIII.1 file. Our findings revealed significant radiosensitization effects, particularly with low-energy and short-range electrons (<1 µm). DEF values ranged from 1 to 30 mg/g of gold under a 50 keV photon beam, resulting in dose increases of up to 2.29 for photons and 1.22 for electrons. We observed a 100 % reduction in DEF for electrons at the same energy and concentration, while higher ratios were noted for the linac photon beam. The modeled 125I seed produced a dose rate of 0.965 ± 0.002 cGy h-1 U-1, consistent with findings from the TG-43 report and existing literature. Increasing radiation energy significantly decreased DER, while higher GNP concentrations resulted in a dramatic increase. Further research on this topic is strongly encouraged.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294225000693RadiometryGold nanoparticleMonte carloDose enhancement factorPhotonElectron
spellingShingle Wrya Parwaie
Mikaeil Molazadeh
Tohid Mortezazadeh
Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles
Cancer Treatment and Research Communications
Radiometry
Gold nanoparticle
Monte carlo
Dose enhancement factor
Photon
Electron
title Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles
title_full Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles
title_fullStr Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles
title_short Evaluation of the impact of energy, radiation type, and concentration on dose enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles
title_sort evaluation of the impact of energy radiation type and concentration on dose enhancement by gold nanoparticles
topic Radiometry
Gold nanoparticle
Monte carlo
Dose enhancement factor
Photon
Electron
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294225000693
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AT tohidmortezazadeh evaluationoftheimpactofenergyradiationtypeandconcentrationondoseenhancementbygoldnanoparticles