Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure
IntroductionThe effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on indices of cardiovascular function during exposure to cold or hot environmental temperatures is not well known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the effect of short-term whole-body cold and heat exposure on the cardiovascular responses...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1558471/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849310420293124096 |
|---|---|
| author | Mojdeh Rafieian Erlend Hoftun Farbu Anje Christina Höper Anje Christina Höper Rasmus Valtonen Rasmus Valtonen Henna Hyrkäs-Palmu Juha Perkiömäki Juha Perkiömäki Craig Crandall Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Tiina Maria Ikäheimo Tiina Maria Ikäheimo |
| author_facet | Mojdeh Rafieian Erlend Hoftun Farbu Anje Christina Höper Anje Christina Höper Rasmus Valtonen Rasmus Valtonen Henna Hyrkäs-Palmu Juha Perkiömäki Juha Perkiömäki Craig Crandall Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Tiina Maria Ikäheimo Tiina Maria Ikäheimo |
| author_sort | Mojdeh Rafieian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on indices of cardiovascular function during exposure to cold or hot environmental temperatures is not well known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the effect of short-term whole-body cold and heat exposure on the cardiovascular responses in individuals with T2D.Material and methods10 participants with T2D and hypertension (mean age 64 ± 4 years) and 10 controls (mean age 63 ± 5 years) underwent 90 min of whole-body exposure to cold (10°C; 10% relative humidity) and heat (40°C; 50% relative humidity) in a randomized sequence on differing days. Central and brachial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin blood flow were measured before, during, and after the exposure.ResultsDuring cold exposure, subjects with T2D exhibited a smaller increase in central (14 (CI 95%:3, 23) vs. 43 (CI 95%:32, 53) mmHg, p < 0.05) and brachial systolic BP (12 (CI 95%:1, 22)) vs. 40 (CI 95%:30, 51) mmHg, p < 0.05) compared to controls. The corresponding reduction in HR in the cold was also less in T2D compared to controls (5 (CI 95%: 10, 0.02) vs. 9 (CI 95%: 14, −4) bpm, p < 0.05). Heat exposure reduced central and brachial BP similarly in both groups. However, the heat-related increase in HR was less pronounced in T2D subjects compared to controls (7 (CI 95%:1, 13) vs. 14 (CI 95%: 9, 19) bpm, p < 0.05). Finally, the magnitude of the increase in skin blood flow was less in the heat in T2D subjects (+210 (CI 95%: 41, 461) vs. +605 (CI 95%: 353, 855) PU, p < 0.05).DiscussionT2D attenuated cardiovascular responses, such as BP and HR during short-term exposure to cold, and HR and skin blood flow during short-term exposure to heat. These observations suggest impaired capacity to respond to environmental temperature extremes in individuals with T2D. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40bb1cfd46994ac6baa5b23ae32812dd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-40bb1cfd46994ac6baa5b23ae32812dd2025-08-20T03:53:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-04-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15584711558471Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposureMojdeh Rafieian0Erlend Hoftun Farbu1Anje Christina Höper2Anje Christina Höper3Rasmus Valtonen4Rasmus Valtonen5Henna Hyrkäs-Palmu6Juha Perkiömäki7Juha Perkiömäki8Craig Crandall9Jouni J. K. Jaakkola10Jouni J. K. Jaakkola11Tiina Maria Ikäheimo12Tiina Maria Ikäheimo13Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, NorwayResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandMedical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandMedical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandInstitute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United StatesResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandIntroductionThe effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on indices of cardiovascular function during exposure to cold or hot environmental temperatures is not well known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the effect of short-term whole-body cold and heat exposure on the cardiovascular responses in individuals with T2D.Material and methods10 participants with T2D and hypertension (mean age 64 ± 4 years) and 10 controls (mean age 63 ± 5 years) underwent 90 min of whole-body exposure to cold (10°C; 10% relative humidity) and heat (40°C; 50% relative humidity) in a randomized sequence on differing days. Central and brachial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin blood flow were measured before, during, and after the exposure.ResultsDuring cold exposure, subjects with T2D exhibited a smaller increase in central (14 (CI 95%:3, 23) vs. 43 (CI 95%:32, 53) mmHg, p < 0.05) and brachial systolic BP (12 (CI 95%:1, 22)) vs. 40 (CI 95%:30, 51) mmHg, p < 0.05) compared to controls. The corresponding reduction in HR in the cold was also less in T2D compared to controls (5 (CI 95%: 10, 0.02) vs. 9 (CI 95%: 14, −4) bpm, p < 0.05). Heat exposure reduced central and brachial BP similarly in both groups. However, the heat-related increase in HR was less pronounced in T2D subjects compared to controls (7 (CI 95%:1, 13) vs. 14 (CI 95%: 9, 19) bpm, p < 0.05). Finally, the magnitude of the increase in skin blood flow was less in the heat in T2D subjects (+210 (CI 95%: 41, 461) vs. +605 (CI 95%: 353, 855) PU, p < 0.05).DiscussionT2D attenuated cardiovascular responses, such as BP and HR during short-term exposure to cold, and HR and skin blood flow during short-term exposure to heat. These observations suggest impaired capacity to respond to environmental temperature extremes in individuals with T2D.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1558471/fulltype 2 diabetescold exposureheat exposurecardiovascular responsesblood pressureheart rate |
| spellingShingle | Mojdeh Rafieian Erlend Hoftun Farbu Anje Christina Höper Anje Christina Höper Rasmus Valtonen Rasmus Valtonen Henna Hyrkäs-Palmu Juha Perkiömäki Juha Perkiömäki Craig Crandall Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Jouni J. K. Jaakkola Tiina Maria Ikäheimo Tiina Maria Ikäheimo Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure Frontiers in Physiology type 2 diabetes cold exposure heat exposure cardiovascular responses blood pressure heart rate |
| title | Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure |
| title_full | Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure |
| title_fullStr | Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure |
| title_short | Blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure |
| title_sort | blunted cardiovascular responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension during cold and heat exposure |
| topic | type 2 diabetes cold exposure heat exposure cardiovascular responses blood pressure heart rate |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1558471/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mojdehrafieian bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT erlendhoftunfarbu bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT anjechristinahoper bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT anjechristinahoper bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT rasmusvaltonen bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT rasmusvaltonen bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT hennahyrkaspalmu bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT juhaperkiomaki bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT juhaperkiomaki bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT craigcrandall bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT jounijkjaakkola bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT jounijkjaakkola bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT tiinamariaikaheimo bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure AT tiinamariaikaheimo bluntedcardiovascularresponsesinindividualswithtype2diabetesandhypertensionduringcoldandheatexposure |