Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens

This review explores the development, technological foundations, and applications of biosensor technologies across various fields, such as medicine for disease diagnosis and monitoring, and the food industry. However, the primary focus is on their use in detecting contaminants and pathogens, as well...

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Main Authors: Antía Fdez-Sanromán, Nuria Bernárdez-Rodas, Emilio Rosales, Marta Pazos, Elisa González-Romero, Maria Ángeles Sanromán
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biosensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/189
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author Antía Fdez-Sanromán
Nuria Bernárdez-Rodas
Emilio Rosales
Marta Pazos
Elisa González-Romero
Maria Ángeles Sanromán
author_facet Antía Fdez-Sanromán
Nuria Bernárdez-Rodas
Emilio Rosales
Marta Pazos
Elisa González-Romero
Maria Ángeles Sanromán
author_sort Antía Fdez-Sanromán
collection DOAJ
description This review explores the development, technological foundations, and applications of biosensor technologies across various fields, such as medicine for disease diagnosis and monitoring, and the food industry. However, the primary focus is on their use in detecting contaminants and pathogens, as well as in environmental monitoring for water quality assessment. The review classifies different types of biosensors based on their bioreceptor and transducer, highlighting how they are specifically designed for the detection of emerging contaminants (ECs) and pathogens in water. Key innovations in this technology are critically examined, including advanced techniques such as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which enable the fabrication of sensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity. Additionally, the integration of microfluidic systems into biosensors is analyzed, demonstrating significant enhancements in performance and detection speed. Through these advancements, this work emphasizes the fundamental role of biosensors as key tools for safeguarding public health and preserving environmental integrity.
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id doaj-art-40b58eee34814f459a2c9a7a5c298599
institution DOAJ
issn 2079-6374
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Biosensors
spelling doaj-art-40b58eee34814f459a2c9a7a5c2985992025-08-20T02:42:46ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-03-0115318910.3390/bios15030189Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and PathogensAntía Fdez-Sanromán0Nuria Bernárdez-Rodas1Emilio Rosales2Marta Pazos3Elisa González-Romero4Maria Ángeles Sanromán5CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, BIOSUV, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, 36310 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, BIOSUV, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, 36310 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, BIOSUV, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, 36310 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, BIOSUV, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, SpainCINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, BIOSUV, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, 36310 Vigo, SpainThis review explores the development, technological foundations, and applications of biosensor technologies across various fields, such as medicine for disease diagnosis and monitoring, and the food industry. However, the primary focus is on their use in detecting contaminants and pathogens, as well as in environmental monitoring for water quality assessment. The review classifies different types of biosensors based on their bioreceptor and transducer, highlighting how they are specifically designed for the detection of emerging contaminants (ECs) and pathogens in water. Key innovations in this technology are critically examined, including advanced techniques such as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which enable the fabrication of sensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity. Additionally, the integration of microfluidic systems into biosensors is analyzed, demonstrating significant enhancements in performance and detection speed. Through these advancements, this work emphasizes the fundamental role of biosensors as key tools for safeguarding public health and preserving environmental integrity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/189electrochemical biosensorsemerging contaminantsmicrofluidic systemoptical biosensorspathogenspiezoelectric biosensors
spellingShingle Antía Fdez-Sanromán
Nuria Bernárdez-Rodas
Emilio Rosales
Marta Pazos
Elisa González-Romero
Maria Ángeles Sanromán
Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens
Biosensors
electrochemical biosensors
emerging contaminants
microfluidic system
optical biosensors
pathogens
piezoelectric biosensors
title Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens
title_full Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens
title_fullStr Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens
title_short Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens
title_sort biosensor technologies for water quality detection of emerging contaminants and pathogens
topic electrochemical biosensors
emerging contaminants
microfluidic system
optical biosensors
pathogens
piezoelectric biosensors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/189
work_keys_str_mv AT antiafdezsanroman biosensortechnologiesforwaterqualitydetectionofemergingcontaminantsandpathogens
AT nuriabernardezrodas biosensortechnologiesforwaterqualitydetectionofemergingcontaminantsandpathogens
AT emiliorosales biosensortechnologiesforwaterqualitydetectionofemergingcontaminantsandpathogens
AT martapazos biosensortechnologiesforwaterqualitydetectionofemergingcontaminantsandpathogens
AT elisagonzalezromero biosensortechnologiesforwaterqualitydetectionofemergingcontaminantsandpathogens
AT mariaangelessanroman biosensortechnologiesforwaterqualitydetectionofemergingcontaminantsandpathogens