Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea
The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylo...
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Hanrimwon Publishing Company
2025-04-01
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| Series: | The Plant Pathology Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-11-2024-0184.pdf |
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| author | Gwang-Jae Lim Hae-Dam Kim Jun-Woo Choi Young Ju Nam Ha-Kyoung Lee Seung-Yeol Lee Hee-Young Jung |
| author_facet | Gwang-Jae Lim Hae-Dam Kim Jun-Woo Choi Young Ju Nam Ha-Kyoung Lee Seung-Yeol Lee Hee-Young Jung |
| author_sort | Gwang-Jae Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40a8fcfdda3e4b928508ca6234e4a460 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1598-2254 2093-9280 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Hanrimwon Publishing Company |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Plant Pathology Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-40a8fcfdda3e4b928508ca6234e4a4602025-08-20T03:07:55ZengHanrimwon Publishing CompanyThe Plant Pathology Journal1598-22542093-92802025-04-0141218920010.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2024.01842500Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in KoreaGwang-Jae Lim0Hae-Dam Kim1Jun-Woo Choi2Young Ju Nam3Ha-Kyoung Lee4Seung-Yeol Lee5Hee-Young Jung6 Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea Global Agro-Consulting Corporation, Suwon 16614, Korea Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaThe genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea.http://ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-11-2024-0184.pdf spp. geneqoi fungicide |
| spellingShingle | Gwang-Jae Lim Hae-Dam Kim Jun-Woo Choi Young Ju Nam Ha-Kyoung Lee Seung-Yeol Lee Hee-Young Jung Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea The Plant Pathology Journal spp. gene qoi fungicide |
| title | Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea |
| title_full | Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea |
| title_short | Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea |
| title_sort | baseline sensitivity of botryosphaeria spp isolated from apples to pyraclostrobin in korea |
| topic | spp. gene qoi fungicide |
| url | http://ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-11-2024-0184.pdf |
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