Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams
This paper proposes a method to secure Compressive Sensing (CS) streams. It involves protecting part of the measurements with a secret key and inserting code into the remaining measurements. The secret key is generated via a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) and XORed w...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/513 |
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| author | Cristina-Elena Popa Constantin-Cristian Damian Daniela Coltuc |
| author_facet | Cristina-Elena Popa Constantin-Cristian Damian Daniela Coltuc |
| author_sort | Cristina-Elena Popa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a method to secure Compressive Sensing (CS) streams. It involves protecting part of the measurements with a secret key and inserting code into the remaining measurements. The secret key is generated via a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) and XORed with the measurements to be inserted. For insertion, we use a reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme, which is a prediction error expansion algorithm modified to match the statistics of CS measurements. The reconstruction from the embedded stream results in a visibly distorted image. The image distortion is controlled by the number of embedded levels. In our tests, embedding on 10 levels results in ≈18 dB distortion for images of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>256</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>256</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> pixels reconstructed with the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA). A particularity of the presented method is on-the-fly insertion, which makes it appropriate for the sequential acquisition of measurements with a single-pixel camera. On-the-fly insertion avoids the buffering of CS measurements for the subsequent standard encryption and generation of a thumbnail image. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40a69286c2cf4eb9b085802e991ec264 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-40a69286c2cf4eb9b085802e991ec2642025-08-20T02:45:37ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892025-06-0116751310.3390/info16070513Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed StreamsCristina-Elena Popa0Constantin-Cristian Damian1Daniela Coltuc2Research Center for Space Information CEOSpace Tech, National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Center for Space Information CEOSpace Tech, National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Center for Space Information CEOSpace Tech, National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, RomaniaThis paper proposes a method to secure Compressive Sensing (CS) streams. It involves protecting part of the measurements with a secret key and inserting code into the remaining measurements. The secret key is generated via a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) and XORed with the measurements to be inserted. For insertion, we use a reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme, which is a prediction error expansion algorithm modified to match the statistics of CS measurements. The reconstruction from the embedded stream results in a visibly distorted image. The image distortion is controlled by the number of embedded levels. In our tests, embedding on 10 levels results in ≈18 dB distortion for images of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>256</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>256</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> pixels reconstructed with the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA). A particularity of the presented method is on-the-fly insertion, which makes it appropriate for the sequential acquisition of measurements with a single-pixel camera. On-the-fly insertion avoids the buffering of CS measurements for the subsequent standard encryption and generation of a thumbnail image.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/513reversible data hidingpartial encryptioncompressive sensingon-the-fly insertionrate–distortion curve |
| spellingShingle | Cristina-Elena Popa Constantin-Cristian Damian Daniela Coltuc Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams Information reversible data hiding partial encryption compressive sensing on-the-fly insertion rate–distortion curve |
| title | Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams |
| title_full | Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams |
| title_fullStr | Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams |
| title_short | Joint Data Hiding and Partial Encryption of Compressive Sensed Streams |
| title_sort | joint data hiding and partial encryption of compressive sensed streams |
| topic | reversible data hiding partial encryption compressive sensing on-the-fly insertion rate–distortion curve |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/513 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cristinaelenapopa jointdatahidingandpartialencryptionofcompressivesensedstreams AT constantincristiandamian jointdatahidingandpartialencryptionofcompressivesensedstreams AT danielacoltuc jointdatahidingandpartialencryptionofcompressivesensedstreams |