Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin

Land use change plays a pivotal role in understanding surface processes and environmental dynamics, exerting considerable influence on regional ecosystem management. Traditional monitoring approaches, which often rely on manual sampling and single spectral features, exhibit limitations in efficiency...

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Main Authors: Yi Yang, Liang Zhao, Ya Guo, Shihua Liu, Xiang Qin, Yixiao Li, Xiaoqiong Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4314
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author Yi Yang
Liang Zhao
Ya Guo
Shihua Liu
Xiang Qin
Yixiao Li
Xiaoqiong Jiang
author_facet Yi Yang
Liang Zhao
Ya Guo
Shihua Liu
Xiang Qin
Yixiao Li
Xiaoqiong Jiang
author_sort Yi Yang
collection DOAJ
description Land use change plays a pivotal role in understanding surface processes and environmental dynamics, exerting considerable influence on regional ecosystem management. Traditional monitoring approaches, which often rely on manual sampling and single spectral features, exhibit limitations in efficiency and accuracy. This study proposes an innovative technical framework that integrates automated sample generation, multi-feature optimization, and classification model refinement to enhance the accuracy of land use classification and enable detailed spatiotemporal analysis in the Ebinur Lake Basin. By integrating Landsat data with multi-temporal European Space Agency (ESA) products, we acquired 14,000 pixels of 2021 land use samples, with multi-temporal spectral features enabling robust sample transfer to 12028 pixels in 2011 and 10,997 pixels in 2001. Multi-temporal composite data were reorganized and reconstructed to form annual and monthly feature spaces that integrate spectral bands, indices, terrain, and texture information. Feature selection based on the Gini coefficient and Out-Of-Bag Error (OOBE) reduced the original 48 features to 23. In addition, an object-oriented Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) model was employed to perform accurate land use classification. A systematic evaluation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed framework, achieving an overall accuracy of 93.17% and a Kappa coefficient of 92.03%, while significantly reducing noise in the classification maps. Based on land use classification results from three different periods, the spatial distribution and pattern changes of major land use types in the region over the past two decades were investigated through analyses of ellipses, centroid shifts, area changes, and transition matrices. This automated framework effectively enhances automation, offering technical support for accurate large-area land use classification.
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spelling doaj-art-4098dc5af8284b96a2d7d83406f870052025-08-20T02:47:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514431410.3390/s25144314Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake BasinYi Yang0Liang Zhao1Ya Guo2Shihua Liu3Xiang Qin4Yixiao Li5Xiaoqiong Jiang6China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaChina Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, ChinaChina Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, ChinaChina Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, ChinaChina Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, ChinaChina Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, ChinaLand use change plays a pivotal role in understanding surface processes and environmental dynamics, exerting considerable influence on regional ecosystem management. Traditional monitoring approaches, which often rely on manual sampling and single spectral features, exhibit limitations in efficiency and accuracy. This study proposes an innovative technical framework that integrates automated sample generation, multi-feature optimization, and classification model refinement to enhance the accuracy of land use classification and enable detailed spatiotemporal analysis in the Ebinur Lake Basin. By integrating Landsat data with multi-temporal European Space Agency (ESA) products, we acquired 14,000 pixels of 2021 land use samples, with multi-temporal spectral features enabling robust sample transfer to 12028 pixels in 2011 and 10,997 pixels in 2001. Multi-temporal composite data were reorganized and reconstructed to form annual and monthly feature spaces that integrate spectral bands, indices, terrain, and texture information. Feature selection based on the Gini coefficient and Out-Of-Bag Error (OOBE) reduced the original 48 features to 23. In addition, an object-oriented Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) model was employed to perform accurate land use classification. A systematic evaluation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed framework, achieving an overall accuracy of 93.17% and a Kappa coefficient of 92.03%, while significantly reducing noise in the classification maps. Based on land use classification results from three different periods, the spatial distribution and pattern changes of major land use types in the region over the past two decades were investigated through analyses of ellipses, centroid shifts, area changes, and transition matrices. This automated framework effectively enhances automation, offering technical support for accurate large-area land use classification.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4314sample automationfeature optimizationmulti-feature compositeimage classificationland use changeremote sensing
spellingShingle Yi Yang
Liang Zhao
Ya Guo
Shihua Liu
Xiang Qin
Yixiao Li
Xiaoqiong Jiang
Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin
Sensors
sample automation
feature optimization
multi-feature composite
image classification
land use change
remote sensing
title Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin
title_full Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin
title_short Spatiotemporal Land Use Change Detection Through Automated Sampling and Multi-Feature Composite Analysis: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Basin
title_sort spatiotemporal land use change detection through automated sampling and multi feature composite analysis a case study of the ebinur lake basin
topic sample automation
feature optimization
multi-feature composite
image classification
land use change
remote sensing
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4314
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