Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management
Abstract Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a significant pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, particularly in children and pregnant women. While B19V is most commonly recognized as the cause of Fifth disease, a mild erythematous illness in children, its clinical impact extends fa...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01831-6 |
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| author | Silvia Bloise Enrico Cocchi Lorenzo Mambelli Caterina Radice Federico Marchetti |
| author_facet | Silvia Bloise Enrico Cocchi Lorenzo Mambelli Caterina Radice Federico Marchetti |
| author_sort | Silvia Bloise |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a significant pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, particularly in children and pregnant women. While B19V is most commonly recognized as the cause of Fifth disease, a mild erythematous illness in children, its clinical impact extends far beyond this condition. B19V can lead to severe complications, including transient aplastic crisis in individuals with chronic hemolytic anemias, arthralgia, and more severe joint diseases. During pregnancy, B19V infection poses serious risks, such as spontaneous abortion, non-immune hydrops fetalis, and fetal anemia, particularly when infection occurs between 9 and 20 weeks of gestation. Moreover, B19V is associated with a variety of organ system involvements, including cardiac, neurological, hepatic, and renal complications. These manifestations can range from mild to life-threatening, necessitating a broad spectrum of therapeutic approaches, including symptomatic care, immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and supportive therapies. Despite the significant clinical burden posed by B19V, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available, making early recognition and prompt management crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse clinical presentations of B19V infection, with a focus on pediatric and pregnancy-related complications. It underscores the need for ongoing research into targeted therapies and highlights the importance of vigilant clinical management to mitigate the severe consequences of this pervasive virus. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-408cf88f7395429a8d3fe992e9caa4c1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1824-7288 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-408cf88f7395429a8d3fe992e9caa4c12025-08-20T02:39:41ZengBMCItalian Journal of Pediatrics1824-72882024-12-015011910.1186/s13052-024-01831-6Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and managementSilvia Bloise0Enrico Cocchi1Lorenzo Mambelli2Caterina Radice3Federico Marchetti4Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL della RomagnaNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, AUSL RomagnaDepartment of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL della RomagnaDepartment of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL della RomagnaDepartment of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL della RomagnaAbstract Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a significant pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, particularly in children and pregnant women. While B19V is most commonly recognized as the cause of Fifth disease, a mild erythematous illness in children, its clinical impact extends far beyond this condition. B19V can lead to severe complications, including transient aplastic crisis in individuals with chronic hemolytic anemias, arthralgia, and more severe joint diseases. During pregnancy, B19V infection poses serious risks, such as spontaneous abortion, non-immune hydrops fetalis, and fetal anemia, particularly when infection occurs between 9 and 20 weeks of gestation. Moreover, B19V is associated with a variety of organ system involvements, including cardiac, neurological, hepatic, and renal complications. These manifestations can range from mild to life-threatening, necessitating a broad spectrum of therapeutic approaches, including symptomatic care, immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and supportive therapies. Despite the significant clinical burden posed by B19V, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available, making early recognition and prompt management crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse clinical presentations of B19V infection, with a focus on pediatric and pregnancy-related complications. It underscores the need for ongoing research into targeted therapies and highlights the importance of vigilant clinical management to mitigate the severe consequences of this pervasive virus.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01831-6Parvovirus B19childrenFifth diseaseclinical manifestation |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Bloise Enrico Cocchi Lorenzo Mambelli Caterina Radice Federico Marchetti Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management Italian Journal of Pediatrics Parvovirus B19 children Fifth disease clinical manifestation |
| title | Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management |
| title_full | Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management |
| title_fullStr | Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management |
| title_short | Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management |
| title_sort | parvovirus b19 infection in children a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management |
| topic | Parvovirus B19 children Fifth disease clinical manifestation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01831-6 |
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