Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials

Abstract Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy is a simple and non-destructive approach to characterize the crystalline anisotropy and orientation of two-dimensional materials. Here, we develop a 3D-printed motorized polarization module, which is compatible with typical microscope platforms and en...

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Main Authors: Ernst Knöckl, Alexandre Bernard, Alexander Holleitner, Christoph Kastl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96894-8
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author Ernst Knöckl
Alexandre Bernard
Alexander Holleitner
Christoph Kastl
author_facet Ernst Knöckl
Alexandre Bernard
Alexander Holleitner
Christoph Kastl
author_sort Ernst Knöckl
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy is a simple and non-destructive approach to characterize the crystalline anisotropy and orientation of two-dimensional materials. Here, we develop a 3D-printed motorized polarization module, which is compatible with typical microscope platforms and enables to perform broadband polarization-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. As proof of principle, we investigate the in-plane birefringence of exfoliated $$\hbox {MoO}_3$$   thin films and few-layer $$\hbox {WTe}_2$$   crystals. We compare the measured spectra to a model based on a transfer matrix formalism. Compared to other polarization sensitive approaches, such as Raman or second harmonic generation spectroscopy, optical contrast measurements require orders of magnitude less excitation power densities, which is particularly advantageous to avoid degradation of delicate van der Waals layers.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-4089418532ef495e96e741ac7e1f31542025-08-20T02:10:54ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-011511710.1038/s41598-025-96894-8Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materialsErnst Knöckl0Alexandre Bernard1Alexander Holleitner2Christoph Kastl3Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of MunichWalter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of MunichWalter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of MunichWalter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of MunichAbstract Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy is a simple and non-destructive approach to characterize the crystalline anisotropy and orientation of two-dimensional materials. Here, we develop a 3D-printed motorized polarization module, which is compatible with typical microscope platforms and enables to perform broadband polarization-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. As proof of principle, we investigate the in-plane birefringence of exfoliated $$\hbox {MoO}_3$$   thin films and few-layer $$\hbox {WTe}_2$$   crystals. We compare the measured spectra to a model based on a transfer matrix formalism. Compared to other polarization sensitive approaches, such as Raman or second harmonic generation spectroscopy, optical contrast measurements require orders of magnitude less excitation power densities, which is particularly advantageous to avoid degradation of delicate van der Waals layers.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96894-8Microscopyvan der Waals materialsBirefringenceOptical anisotropy
spellingShingle Ernst Knöckl
Alexandre Bernard
Alexander Holleitner
Christoph Kastl
Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials
Scientific Reports
Microscopy
van der Waals materials
Birefringence
Optical anisotropy
title Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials
title_full Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials
title_fullStr Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials
title_full_unstemmed Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials
title_short Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der Waals materials
title_sort polarized optical contrast spectroscopy of in plane anisotropic van der waals materials
topic Microscopy
van der Waals materials
Birefringence
Optical anisotropy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96894-8
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AT alexandrebernard polarizedopticalcontrastspectroscopyofinplaneanisotropicvanderwaalsmaterials
AT alexanderholleitner polarizedopticalcontrastspectroscopyofinplaneanisotropicvanderwaalsmaterials
AT christophkastl polarizedopticalcontrastspectroscopyofinplaneanisotropicvanderwaalsmaterials