GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind

All physiological events in living organisms originated as specific chemical/biochemical signals on the cell surface and transmitted into the cytoplasm. This signal is translated within milliseconds–hours to a specific and unique order required to maintain optimum performance and homeostasis of livi...

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Main Authors: Khaled Alhosaini, Asim Azhar, Asma Alonazi, F Al-Zoghaibi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2021-06-01
Series:Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016421000724
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author Khaled Alhosaini
Asim Azhar
Asma Alonazi
F Al-Zoghaibi
author_facet Khaled Alhosaini
Asim Azhar
Asma Alonazi
F Al-Zoghaibi
author_sort Khaled Alhosaini
collection DOAJ
description All physiological events in living organisms originated as specific chemical/biochemical signals on the cell surface and transmitted into the cytoplasm. This signal is translated within milliseconds–hours to a specific and unique order required to maintain optimum performance and homeostasis of living organisms. Examples of daily biological functions include neuronal communication and neurotransmission in the process of learning and memory, secretion (hormones, sweat, and saliva), muscle contraction, cellular growth, differentiation and migration during wound healing, and immunity to fight infections. Among the different transducers for such life-dependent signals is the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs constitute roughly 800 genes, corresponding to 2% of the human genome. While GPCRs control a plethora of pathophysiological disorders, only approximately one-third of GPCR families have been deorphanized and characterized. Recent drug data show that around 40% of the recommended drugs available in the market target mainly GPCRs. In this review, we presented how such system signals, either through G protein or via other players, independent of G protein, function within the biological system. We also discussed drugs in the market or clinical trials targeting mainly GPCRs in various diseases, including cancer.
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publishDate 2021-06-01
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record_format Article
series Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
spelling doaj-art-407845beffc343f69e60f6a68e734ff72025-08-20T03:55:36ZengSpringerSaudi Pharmaceutical Journal1319-01642021-06-0129653955110.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.015GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankindKhaled Alhosaini0Asim Azhar1Asma Alonazi2F Al-Zoghaibi3Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU Aligarh, UP, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaMolecular BioMedicine Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, MBC:03, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaAll physiological events in living organisms originated as specific chemical/biochemical signals on the cell surface and transmitted into the cytoplasm. This signal is translated within milliseconds–hours to a specific and unique order required to maintain optimum performance and homeostasis of living organisms. Examples of daily biological functions include neuronal communication and neurotransmission in the process of learning and memory, secretion (hormones, sweat, and saliva), muscle contraction, cellular growth, differentiation and migration during wound healing, and immunity to fight infections. Among the different transducers for such life-dependent signals is the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs constitute roughly 800 genes, corresponding to 2% of the human genome. While GPCRs control a plethora of pathophysiological disorders, only approximately one-third of GPCR families have been deorphanized and characterized. Recent drug data show that around 40% of the recommended drugs available in the market target mainly GPCRs. In this review, we presented how such system signals, either through G protein or via other players, independent of G protein, function within the biological system. We also discussed drugs in the market or clinical trials targeting mainly GPCRs in various diseases, including cancer.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016421000724ArrestinDrugsG proteinsGPCRGRKsHeterodimerization
spellingShingle Khaled Alhosaini
Asim Azhar
Asma Alonazi
F Al-Zoghaibi
GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
Arrestin
Drugs
G proteins
GPCR
GRKs
Heterodimerization
title GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
title_full GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
title_fullStr GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
title_full_unstemmed GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
title_short GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
title_sort gpcrs the most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind
topic Arrestin
Drugs
G proteins
GPCR
GRKs
Heterodimerization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016421000724
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AT asimazhar gpcrsthemostpromiscuousdruggablereceptorofthemankind
AT asmaalonazi gpcrsthemostpromiscuousdruggablereceptorofthemankind
AT falzoghaibi gpcrsthemostpromiscuousdruggablereceptorofthemankind