Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells
Stem cells balance their self-renewal and differentiation potential by integrating environmental signals with the transcriptional regulatory network. The maintenance of cell identity and/or cell lineage commitment relies on the interplay of multiple factors including signaling pathways, transcriptio...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Stem Cells International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8652748 |
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| _version_ | 1849304902788972544 |
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| author | Luca Fagnocchi Stefania Mazzoleni Alessio Zippo |
| author_facet | Luca Fagnocchi Stefania Mazzoleni Alessio Zippo |
| author_sort | Luca Fagnocchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stem cells balance their self-renewal and differentiation potential by integrating environmental signals with the transcriptional regulatory network. The maintenance of cell identity and/or cell lineage commitment relies on the interplay of multiple factors including signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the epigenetic machinery. These regulatory modules are strongly interconnected and they influence the pattern of gene expression of stem cells, thus guiding their cellular fate. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent an invaluable tool to study this interplay, being able to indefinitely self-renew and to differentiate towards all three embryonic germ layers in response to developmental cues. In this review, we highlight those mechanisms of signaling to chromatin, which regulate chromatin modifying enzymes, histone modifications, and nucleosome occupancy. In addition, we report the molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways affect both the epigenetic and the transcriptional state of ESCs, thereby influencing their cell identity. We propose that the dynamic nature of oscillating signaling and the different regulatory network topologies through which those signals are encoded determine specific gene expression programs, leading to the fluctuation of ESCs among multiple pluripotent states or to the establishment of the necessary conditions to exit pluripotency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4075f5fa2e234abd93e505442f17633e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cells International |
| spelling | doaj-art-4075f5fa2e234abd93e505442f17633e2025-08-20T03:55:36ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782016-01-01201610.1155/2016/86527488652748Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem CellsLuca Fagnocchi0Stefania Mazzoleni1Alessio Zippo2Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milano, ItalyFondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milano, ItalyFondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milano, ItalyStem cells balance their self-renewal and differentiation potential by integrating environmental signals with the transcriptional regulatory network. The maintenance of cell identity and/or cell lineage commitment relies on the interplay of multiple factors including signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the epigenetic machinery. These regulatory modules are strongly interconnected and they influence the pattern of gene expression of stem cells, thus guiding their cellular fate. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent an invaluable tool to study this interplay, being able to indefinitely self-renew and to differentiate towards all three embryonic germ layers in response to developmental cues. In this review, we highlight those mechanisms of signaling to chromatin, which regulate chromatin modifying enzymes, histone modifications, and nucleosome occupancy. In addition, we report the molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways affect both the epigenetic and the transcriptional state of ESCs, thereby influencing their cell identity. We propose that the dynamic nature of oscillating signaling and the different regulatory network topologies through which those signals are encoded determine specific gene expression programs, leading to the fluctuation of ESCs among multiple pluripotent states or to the establishment of the necessary conditions to exit pluripotency.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8652748 |
| spellingShingle | Luca Fagnocchi Stefania Mazzoleni Alessio Zippo Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells Stem Cells International |
| title | Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells |
| title_full | Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells |
| title_short | Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells |
| title_sort | integration of signaling pathways with the epigenetic machinery in the maintenance of stem cells |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8652748 |
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