Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds

Abstract Perennial crops are vital to the global food supply, providing valuable nutrition and economic benefits, but are at risk of severe climate damages. Most climate research has focused on major annual crops like cereals and has focused on the overall impact of climate change on yields providin...

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Main Authors: Shuaiqi Wu, Prudentia Gugulethu Zikalala, Sequoia Alba, Katherine S. Jarvis‐Shean, Isaya Kisekka, Mira Segaran, Richard Snyder, Erwan Monier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Earth's Future
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005033
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author Shuaiqi Wu
Prudentia Gugulethu Zikalala
Sequoia Alba
Katherine S. Jarvis‐Shean
Isaya Kisekka
Mira Segaran
Richard Snyder
Erwan Monier
author_facet Shuaiqi Wu
Prudentia Gugulethu Zikalala
Sequoia Alba
Katherine S. Jarvis‐Shean
Isaya Kisekka
Mira Segaran
Richard Snyder
Erwan Monier
author_sort Shuaiqi Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Perennial crops are vital to the global food supply, providing valuable nutrition and economic benefits, but are at risk of severe climate damages. Most climate research has focused on major annual crops like cereals and has focused on the overall impact of climate change on yields providing limited actionable knowledge to support adaptation. In this study, we bring together climate scientists, biometeorology specialists, plant scientists, and agricultural engineers to develop a new perennial crop modeling framework that integrates climate modeling, horticulture and agronomy science, and statistical modeling. We apply this framework to California almonds as a case study, because they offer robust data to calibrate and evaluate our model. Our model quantifies the influence of climate in each almond development stage and of innovation on county‐level yields. We simulate future yield changes under a large multi‐model ensemble of high‐resolution climate simulations and innovation scenarios. We find that climate change could lead to yield losses of 17% by 2100 under moderate warming (SSP245) and 49% under high warming (SSP585); however, we also find that sustained innovation gains could more than offset these negative climate impacts. We identify increasing minimum temperatures and humidity during the bloom and pollination period as well as heat stress during the growing period as the main drivers of yield losses. We discuss synergistic strategies to limit the negative impacts of climate change and to ensure continued gains from innovation. This modeling approach could provide valuable insights into climate adaptation strategies for other perennial crops and regions.
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spelling doaj-art-40683204beea408a81976e8ffc61d33e2025-08-20T02:33:11ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-04-01134n/an/a10.1029/2024EF005033Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California AlmondsShuaiqi Wu0Prudentia Gugulethu Zikalala1Sequoia Alba2Katherine S. Jarvis‐Shean3Isaya Kisekka4Mira Segaran5Richard Snyder6Erwan Monier7Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USADepartment of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USADepartment of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USAUniversity of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Woodland CA USADepartment of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USADepartment of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USADepartment of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USADepartment of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USAAbstract Perennial crops are vital to the global food supply, providing valuable nutrition and economic benefits, but are at risk of severe climate damages. Most climate research has focused on major annual crops like cereals and has focused on the overall impact of climate change on yields providing limited actionable knowledge to support adaptation. In this study, we bring together climate scientists, biometeorology specialists, plant scientists, and agricultural engineers to develop a new perennial crop modeling framework that integrates climate modeling, horticulture and agronomy science, and statistical modeling. We apply this framework to California almonds as a case study, because they offer robust data to calibrate and evaluate our model. Our model quantifies the influence of climate in each almond development stage and of innovation on county‐level yields. We simulate future yield changes under a large multi‐model ensemble of high‐resolution climate simulations and innovation scenarios. We find that climate change could lead to yield losses of 17% by 2100 under moderate warming (SSP245) and 49% under high warming (SSP585); however, we also find that sustained innovation gains could more than offset these negative climate impacts. We identify increasing minimum temperatures and humidity during the bloom and pollination period as well as heat stress during the growing period as the main drivers of yield losses. We discuss synergistic strategies to limit the negative impacts of climate change and to ensure continued gains from innovation. This modeling approach could provide valuable insights into climate adaptation strategies for other perennial crops and regions.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005033
spellingShingle Shuaiqi Wu
Prudentia Gugulethu Zikalala
Sequoia Alba
Katherine S. Jarvis‐Shean
Isaya Kisekka
Mira Segaran
Richard Snyder
Erwan Monier
Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds
Earth's Future
title Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds
title_full Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds
title_fullStr Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds
title_full_unstemmed Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds
title_short Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds
title_sort advancing the modeling of future climate and innovation impacts on perennial crops to support adaptation a case study of california almonds
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005033
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