Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture

Abstract When brittle materials are subjected to uniaxial tensile stress, we observe planar crack propagation perpendicular to the loading direction. However, when additionally subjected to an out-of-plane shear stress, the crack tip/front deviates, leading to fragmentation in the form of twisting f...

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Main Authors: Laureano Ortellado, Anabella Abate, Angel Santarossa, Leopoldo R. Gómez, Thorsten Pöschel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Communications Physics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02151-9
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author Laureano Ortellado
Anabella Abate
Angel Santarossa
Leopoldo R. Gómez
Thorsten Pöschel
author_facet Laureano Ortellado
Anabella Abate
Angel Santarossa
Leopoldo R. Gómez
Thorsten Pöschel
author_sort Laureano Ortellado
collection DOAJ
description Abstract When brittle materials are subjected to uniaxial tensile stress, we observe planar crack propagation perpendicular to the loading direction. However, when additionally subjected to an out-of-plane shear stress, the crack tip/front deviates, leading to fragmentation in the form of twisting facets. Conventional linear fracture mechanics does not adequately describe this effect unless additional criteria are assumed. Among these, the principle of local symmetry, which states that fractures propagate in shear-free directions, is prominent but lacks robust experimental validation. Here we study fractures in hydrogels under mixed load. From the geometry of the evolving crack, we deduce the tension field near the fracture tips and find clear evidence that the principle of local symmetry governs the fragmentation. Our results indicate that the finite size of the fragmentation pattern’s facets and their elastic interactions account for deviations from the principle of local symmetry, providing new insights into fracture mechanics.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2399-3650
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Physics
spelling doaj-art-405cd75da13b47fd99efeaf88775caf22025-08-20T03:45:11ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Physics2399-36502025-06-018111110.1038/s42005-025-02151-9Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fractureLaureano Ortellado0Anabella Abate1Angel Santarossa2Leopoldo R. Gómez3Thorsten Pöschel4Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur - IFISUR - CONICETDepartment of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur - IFISUR - CONICETInstitute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergDepartment of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur - IFISUR - CONICETInstitute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergAbstract When brittle materials are subjected to uniaxial tensile stress, we observe planar crack propagation perpendicular to the loading direction. However, when additionally subjected to an out-of-plane shear stress, the crack tip/front deviates, leading to fragmentation in the form of twisting facets. Conventional linear fracture mechanics does not adequately describe this effect unless additional criteria are assumed. Among these, the principle of local symmetry, which states that fractures propagate in shear-free directions, is prominent but lacks robust experimental validation. Here we study fractures in hydrogels under mixed load. From the geometry of the evolving crack, we deduce the tension field near the fracture tips and find clear evidence that the principle of local symmetry governs the fragmentation. Our results indicate that the finite size of the fragmentation pattern’s facets and their elastic interactions account for deviations from the principle of local symmetry, providing new insights into fracture mechanics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02151-9
spellingShingle Laureano Ortellado
Anabella Abate
Angel Santarossa
Leopoldo R. Gómez
Thorsten Pöschel
Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture
Communications Physics
title Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture
title_full Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture
title_fullStr Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture
title_full_unstemmed Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture
title_short Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture
title_sort principle of local symmetry in mixed mode fracture
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02151-9
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AT thorstenposchel principleoflocalsymmetryinmixedmodefracture