The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys
The development of high-performance and cost-effective Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets is crucial to meet the ever-growing requirements of renewable and clean energy applications. Here, we use low-cost and highly abundant La and Ce to partially substitute Nd and investigate the effect of annealing treatme...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Xiaohua Tan Xuanbo Shi Shiqi Zhang Hui Xu |
| author_facet | Xiaohua Tan Xuanbo Shi Shiqi Zhang Hui Xu |
| author_sort | Xiaohua Tan |
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| description | The development of high-performance and cost-effective Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets is crucial to meet the ever-growing requirements of renewable and clean energy applications. Here, we use low-cost and highly abundant La and Ce to partially substitute Nd and investigate the effect of annealing treatment with a 1 tesla (T) magnetic field on the microstructures and magnetic properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) ribbons. The remanence (B<sub>r</sub>) and maximum energy product ((BH)<sub>max</sub>) of studied alloys can be improved by magnetic field annealing. The respective B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub> of annealed (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy are increased to 0.86 T and 124 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>. In comparison to melt-spun (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy, the B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub> of the magnetic field-annealed alloy are improved by 5% and 8%. The underlying mechanism of improved magnetic properties of La- and Ce-substituted alloys is different. The interaction magnetic domain size in (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy can be increased by magnetic field annealing, leading to the enhancement of exchange coupling interaction, which results to the improvement in B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub>. In the (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy, the concentration of (Fe + Co) of ferromagnetic intergranular phase is increased after magnetic field annealing, resulting in the increase in B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-403248b3f625412480f1e98351413370 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-403248b3f625412480f1e983514133702025-01-24T13:41:22ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-12-01151510.3390/met15010005The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) AlloysXiaohua Tan0Xuanbo Shi1Shiqi Zhang2Hui Xu3Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaThe development of high-performance and cost-effective Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets is crucial to meet the ever-growing requirements of renewable and clean energy applications. Here, we use low-cost and highly abundant La and Ce to partially substitute Nd and investigate the effect of annealing treatment with a 1 tesla (T) magnetic field on the microstructures and magnetic properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) ribbons. The remanence (B<sub>r</sub>) and maximum energy product ((BH)<sub>max</sub>) of studied alloys can be improved by magnetic field annealing. The respective B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub> of annealed (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy are increased to 0.86 T and 124 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>. In comparison to melt-spun (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy, the B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub> of the magnetic field-annealed alloy are improved by 5% and 8%. The underlying mechanism of improved magnetic properties of La- and Ce-substituted alloys is different. The interaction magnetic domain size in (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy can be increased by magnetic field annealing, leading to the enhancement of exchange coupling interaction, which results to the improvement in B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub>. In the (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B alloy, the concentration of (Fe + Co) of ferromagnetic intergranular phase is increased after magnetic field annealing, resulting in the increase in B<sub>r</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/5rare-earth permanent alloymagnetic field annealingmagnetic propertyintergranular phase |
| spellingShingle | Xiaohua Tan Xuanbo Shi Shiqi Zhang Hui Xu The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys Metals rare-earth permanent alloy magnetic field annealing magnetic property intergranular phase |
| title | The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys |
| title_full | The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys |
| title_short | The Effect of Annealing in a Magnetic Field on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of (Nd<sub>0.8</sub>RE<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>12</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B (RE = La, Ce) Alloys |
| title_sort | effect of annealing in a magnetic field on the microstructures and magnetic properties of nd sub 0 8 sub re sub 0 2 sub sub 2 2 sub fe sub 12 sub co sub 2 sub b re la ce alloys |
| topic | rare-earth permanent alloy magnetic field annealing magnetic property intergranular phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/5 |
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