Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity

Abstract In this work, the rapid and efficient preparation of isolated galloyl glucoside tautomer free radical inhibitors was investigated using Saxifraga tangutica as a raw material. Four highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers, 3-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 3-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-1-1), 2-O-gall...

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Main Authors: Yingying Tong, Ming Chu, Jia Zhou, Qilan Wang, Gang Li, A. M. Abd El-Aty, Jun Dang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Chemistry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01330-z
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author Yingying Tong
Ming Chu
Jia Zhou
Qilan Wang
Gang Li
A. M. Abd El-Aty
Jun Dang
author_facet Yingying Tong
Ming Chu
Jia Zhou
Qilan Wang
Gang Li
A. M. Abd El-Aty
Jun Dang
author_sort Yingying Tong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this work, the rapid and efficient preparation of isolated galloyl glucoside tautomer free radical inhibitors was investigated using Saxifraga tangutica as a raw material. Four highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers, 3-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 3-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-1-1), 2-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 2-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-1-2/2-1-3), 1-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-2-1), and 6-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 6-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-3-1/Fr2-3-2), were obtained via two-step medium-pressure liquid chromatography (with solid loading instead of conventional liquid injection) and one-step high-performance chromatography coupled with on-line RPLC-DPPH techniques for targeted isolation. This separation integration technique not only increases sample intake and reduces time cost but also visualizes each step of targeted separation. All four compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. In vitro antioxidant activity assays by DPPH (1,1‑diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) revealed that Fr2-1-2/Fr2-1-3 (IC50: 5.52 ± 0.32 μM), Fr2-2-1 (IC50: 7.22 ± 0.57 μM), and Fr2-3–1/Fr2-3-2 (IC50: 7.36 ± 0.25 μM) had superior free radical scavenging abilities and that both were superior to that of quercetin (IC50: 18.61 ± 3.55 μM). Oxidative stress assays revealed that Fr2-1-2/Fr2-1-3 significantly inhibited oxidative stress damage in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, decreased the level of ROS (P < 0.01) and protected hepatocytes. Combined with the current results, gallic acid showed greater antioxidant activity when H atoms were replaced at d-glucose –OH (C-2) than at the other three sites [–OH (C-1), –OH (C-6) and –OH (C-3)].
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spelling doaj-art-402d24a51d5d4678a6e2c268c8a423872025-08-20T02:49:59ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2024-11-0118111210.1186/s13065-024-01330-zIsolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activityYingying Tong0Ming Chu1Jia Zhou2Qilan Wang3Gang Li4A. M. Abd El-Aty5Jun Dang6Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai UniversityQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCenter for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract In this work, the rapid and efficient preparation of isolated galloyl glucoside tautomer free radical inhibitors was investigated using Saxifraga tangutica as a raw material. Four highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers, 3-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 3-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-1-1), 2-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 2-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-1-2/2-1-3), 1-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-2-1), and 6-O-galloyl-α-d-glucose ⇌ 6-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (Fr2-3-1/Fr2-3-2), were obtained via two-step medium-pressure liquid chromatography (with solid loading instead of conventional liquid injection) and one-step high-performance chromatography coupled with on-line RPLC-DPPH techniques for targeted isolation. This separation integration technique not only increases sample intake and reduces time cost but also visualizes each step of targeted separation. All four compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. In vitro antioxidant activity assays by DPPH (1,1‑diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) revealed that Fr2-1-2/Fr2-1-3 (IC50: 5.52 ± 0.32 μM), Fr2-2-1 (IC50: 7.22 ± 0.57 μM), and Fr2-3–1/Fr2-3-2 (IC50: 7.36 ± 0.25 μM) had superior free radical scavenging abilities and that both were superior to that of quercetin (IC50: 18.61 ± 3.55 μM). Oxidative stress assays revealed that Fr2-1-2/Fr2-1-3 significantly inhibited oxidative stress damage in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, decreased the level of ROS (P < 0.01) and protected hepatocytes. Combined with the current results, gallic acid showed greater antioxidant activity when H atoms were replaced at d-glucose –OH (C-2) than at the other three sites [–OH (C-1), –OH (C-6) and –OH (C-3)].https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01330-zSaxifraga tanguticaIsolationGalloyl glucoside tautomersAntioxidative activityHepG2 cellsStructure‒activity relationships
spellingShingle Yingying Tong
Ming Chu
Jia Zhou
Qilan Wang
Gang Li
A. M. Abd El-Aty
Jun Dang
Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
BMC Chemistry
Saxifraga tangutica
Isolation
Galloyl glucoside tautomers
Antioxidative activity
HepG2 cells
Structure‒activity relationships
title Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
title_full Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
title_fullStr Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
title_full_unstemmed Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
title_short Isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from Saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
title_sort isolation of highly polar galloyl glucoside tautomers from saxifraga tangutica through preparative chromatography and assessment of their in vitro antioxidant activity
topic Saxifraga tangutica
Isolation
Galloyl glucoside tautomers
Antioxidative activity
HepG2 cells
Structure‒activity relationships
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01330-z
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