WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2
In the past decades, several thousand exoplanet systems have been discovered around evolved, main-sequence stars, revealing a wide diversity in their architectures. To understand how the planet formation process can lead to vastly different outcomes in system architecture, we have to study the start...
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| Format: | Article |
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf721 |
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| author | Richelle F. van Capelleveen Christian Ginski Matthew A. Kenworthy Jake Byrne Chloe Lawlor Dan McLachlan Eric E. Mamajek Tomas Stolker Myriam Benisty Alexander J. Bohn Laird M. Close Carsten Dominik Sebastiaan Haffert Rico Landman Jie Ma Ignas Snellen Ryo Tazaki Nienke van der Marel Lukas Welzel Yapeng Zhang |
| author_facet | Richelle F. van Capelleveen Christian Ginski Matthew A. Kenworthy Jake Byrne Chloe Lawlor Dan McLachlan Eric E. Mamajek Tomas Stolker Myriam Benisty Alexander J. Bohn Laird M. Close Carsten Dominik Sebastiaan Haffert Rico Landman Jie Ma Ignas Snellen Ryo Tazaki Nienke van der Marel Lukas Welzel Yapeng Zhang |
| author_sort | Richelle F. van Capelleveen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the past decades, several thousand exoplanet systems have been discovered around evolved, main-sequence stars, revealing a wide diversity in their architectures. To understand how the planet formation process can lead to vastly different outcomes in system architecture, we have to study the starting conditions of planet formation within the disks around young stars. In this study, we are presenting high-resolution direct imaging observations with the Very Large Telescope/SPHERE of the young (∼5 Myr), nearby (∼133 pc), solar-analog designated as WISPIT 2 (= TYC 5709-354-1). These observations were taken as part of our survey program that explores the formation and orbital evolution of wide-separation gas giants. WISPIT 2 was observed in four independent epochs using polarized light and total intensity observations. They reveal for the first time an extended (380 au) disk in scattered light with a multi-ringed substructure. We directly detect a young protoplanet, WISPIT 2b, embedded in a disk gap and show that it is comoving with its host star. Multiple SPHERE epochs demonstrate that it shows orbital motion consistent with Keplerian motion in the observed disk gap. Our H - and K _s -band photometric data are consistent with thermal emission from a young planet. By comparison with planet evolutionary models, we find a mass of the planet of $4.{9}_{-0.6}^{+0.9}$ M _Jup . This mass is also consistent with the width of the observed disk gap, retrieved from hydrodynamic models. WISPIT 2b is the first unambiguous planet detection in a multi-ringed disk, making the WISPIT 2 system the ideal laboratory to study planet–disk interaction and subsequent evolution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40155bede5db4f3eaab4bc1cf9a4e1c9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-40155bede5db4f3eaab4bc1cf9a4e1c92025-08-26T09:00:02ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019901L810.3847/2041-8213/adf721WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2Richelle F. van Capelleveen0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6729-646XChristian Ginski1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-1971Matthew A. Kenworthy2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7064-8270Jake Byrne3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6096-9617Chloe Lawlor4https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0368-1062Dan McLachlan5https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4783-6529Eric E. Mamajek6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2008-1488Tomas Stolker7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-3072Myriam Benisty8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-7605Alexander J. Bohn9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1401-9952Laird M. Close10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2167-8246Carsten Dominik11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-2459Sebastiaan Haffert12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-9153Rico Landman13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-8083Jie Ma14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-6652Ignas Snellen15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-3667Ryo Tazaki16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-6836Nienke van der Marel17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-9756Lukas Welzel18https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8810-6577Yapeng Zhang19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-4414Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlSchool of Natural Sciences, Center for Astronomy, University of Galway , Galway, H91 CF50, IrelandLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlSchool of Natural Sciences, Center for Astronomy, University of Galway , Galway, H91 CF50, IrelandSchool of Natural Sciences, Center for Astronomy, University of Galway , Galway, H91 CF50, IrelandSchool of Natural Sciences, Center for Astronomy, University of Galway , Galway, H91 CF50, IrelandJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, M/S 321-162, Pasadena, CA 91109, USALeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAAnton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nl; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USALeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlUniversité Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique (IPAG), F-38000, FranceLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlDepartment of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 153-8902, JapanLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; capelleveen@strw.leidenuniv.nlDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USAIn the past decades, several thousand exoplanet systems have been discovered around evolved, main-sequence stars, revealing a wide diversity in their architectures. To understand how the planet formation process can lead to vastly different outcomes in system architecture, we have to study the starting conditions of planet formation within the disks around young stars. In this study, we are presenting high-resolution direct imaging observations with the Very Large Telescope/SPHERE of the young (∼5 Myr), nearby (∼133 pc), solar-analog designated as WISPIT 2 (= TYC 5709-354-1). These observations were taken as part of our survey program that explores the formation and orbital evolution of wide-separation gas giants. WISPIT 2 was observed in four independent epochs using polarized light and total intensity observations. They reveal for the first time an extended (380 au) disk in scattered light with a multi-ringed substructure. We directly detect a young protoplanet, WISPIT 2b, embedded in a disk gap and show that it is comoving with its host star. Multiple SPHERE epochs demonstrate that it shows orbital motion consistent with Keplerian motion in the observed disk gap. Our H - and K _s -band photometric data are consistent with thermal emission from a young planet. By comparison with planet evolutionary models, we find a mass of the planet of $4.{9}_{-0.6}^{+0.9}$ M _Jup . This mass is also consistent with the width of the observed disk gap, retrieved from hydrodynamic models. WISPIT 2b is the first unambiguous planet detection in a multi-ringed disk, making the WISPIT 2 system the ideal laboratory to study planet–disk interaction and subsequent evolution.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf721ExoplanetsExoplanet formationCircumstellar disksDirect imagingPolarimetry |
| spellingShingle | Richelle F. van Capelleveen Christian Ginski Matthew A. Kenworthy Jake Byrne Chloe Lawlor Dan McLachlan Eric E. Mamajek Tomas Stolker Myriam Benisty Alexander J. Bohn Laird M. Close Carsten Dominik Sebastiaan Haffert Rico Landman Jie Ma Ignas Snellen Ryo Tazaki Nienke van der Marel Lukas Welzel Yapeng Zhang WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 The Astrophysical Journal Letters Exoplanets Exoplanet formation Circumstellar disks Direct imaging Polarimetry |
| title | WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 |
| title_full | WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 |
| title_fullStr | WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 |
| title_short | WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2 |
| title_sort | wide separation planets in time wispit a gap clearing planet in a multi ringed disk around the young solar type star wispit 2 |
| topic | Exoplanets Exoplanet formation Circumstellar disks Direct imaging Polarimetry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf721 |
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