Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum

ABSTRACT: Cows produce a substantial amount of immunoglobulin in the colostrum, and nutraceutical products derived from these antibodies are gaining attention for their potential role in human viral disease prevention. The objective of our study was to develop an immunization schedule for pregnant c...

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Main Authors: E.B. Gaspar, D.J.B. Orts, H.H.M. Costa, P.E.A. Souza, N.T.B.S. Honório, C.R. Prudêncio, L.P. Silva, C.C. Bonatto, A.P.A. Bastos, P.P. Adriani, G.S. de Oliveira, R. Domingues, E. De Gaspari, A.I. Portilho, M.F. Martins, M.A. Machado, H.M. Brandão, J. Diavão, M.M. Campos, W.A. Carvalho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Dairy Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030225000608
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author E.B. Gaspar
D.J.B. Orts
H.H.M. Costa
P.E.A. Souza
N.T.B.S. Honório
C.R. Prudêncio
L.P. Silva
C.C. Bonatto
A.P.A. Bastos
P.P. Adriani
G.S. de Oliveira
R. Domingues
E. De Gaspari
A.I. Portilho
M.F. Martins
M.A. Machado
H.M. Brandão
J. Diavão
M.M. Campos
W.A. Carvalho
author_facet E.B. Gaspar
D.J.B. Orts
H.H.M. Costa
P.E.A. Souza
N.T.B.S. Honório
C.R. Prudêncio
L.P. Silva
C.C. Bonatto
A.P.A. Bastos
P.P. Adriani
G.S. de Oliveira
R. Domingues
E. De Gaspari
A.I. Portilho
M.F. Martins
M.A. Machado
H.M. Brandão
J. Diavão
M.M. Campos
W.A. Carvalho
author_sort E.B. Gaspar
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT: Cows produce a substantial amount of immunoglobulin in the colostrum, and nutraceutical products derived from these antibodies are gaining attention for their potential role in human viral disease prevention. The objective of our study was to develop an immunization schedule for pregnant cows to produce hyperimmune colostrum with antibodies presenting high avidity and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. The recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2, expressed using the Expi293F system and purified via Ni-affinity chromatography, was solubilized in (1) saponin (QuilA) or (2) a suspension of potassium and aluminum hydroxide (Alum). Vaccination of pregnant cows and serum sample collection were performed 45, 30, and 15 d before the expected calving date. Serum and colostrum were also collected on the day of parturition. Anti-RBD IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 production, viral neutralization, and antibody avidity were evaluated by ELISA. Cows immunized with recombinant RBD with the QuilA adjuvant produced higher amounts of all antibody subclasses than cows in the Alum group. The viral neutralization index from serum samples was also higher in the QuilA group. Significant differences were not observed in the avidity of antibodies, except for that of IgG2, which was higher in the serum of cows receiving the Alum formulation. As the IgG1 antibody subclass and its avidity are crucial for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, QuilA might be the optimal adjuvant for producing hyperimmune colostrum in cows. These findings support the use of cows as biofactories of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 or any future emerging and re-emerging viral diseases, with the possibility of simply substituting the subunit antigen in the vaccine formulation. Further tests must be done to evaluate the efficacy of using hyperimmune colostrum as a nutraceutical or purified bovine antibodies as a pharmacological approach for COVID-19 prevention.
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spelling doaj-art-4010f11a4ea844c1a5880bcd80598ac92025-08-20T03:10:28ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022025-04-0110844079408810.3168/jds.2024-25930Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrumE.B. Gaspar0D.J.B. Orts1H.H.M. Costa2P.E.A. Souza3N.T.B.S. Honório4C.R. Prudêncio5L.P. Silva6C.C. Bonatto7A.P.A. Bastos8P.P. Adriani9G.S. de Oliveira10R. Domingues11E. De Gaspari12A.I. Portilho13M.F. Martins14M.A. Machado15H.M. Brandão16J. Diavão17M.M. Campos18W.A. Carvalho19Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 04023-062; Center of Immunology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 01246-000Center of Immunology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 01246-000Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36036-900Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36036-900Center of Immunology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 01246-000Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 70770-917Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 70770-917Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil 89715-899Laboratory of Nanopharmaceuticals and Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-000Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-000Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Center of Immunology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 01246-000Center of Immunology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 01246-000Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36038-330; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Cows produce a substantial amount of immunoglobulin in the colostrum, and nutraceutical products derived from these antibodies are gaining attention for their potential role in human viral disease prevention. The objective of our study was to develop an immunization schedule for pregnant cows to produce hyperimmune colostrum with antibodies presenting high avidity and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. The recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2, expressed using the Expi293F system and purified via Ni-affinity chromatography, was solubilized in (1) saponin (QuilA) or (2) a suspension of potassium and aluminum hydroxide (Alum). Vaccination of pregnant cows and serum sample collection were performed 45, 30, and 15 d before the expected calving date. Serum and colostrum were also collected on the day of parturition. Anti-RBD IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 production, viral neutralization, and antibody avidity were evaluated by ELISA. Cows immunized with recombinant RBD with the QuilA adjuvant produced higher amounts of all antibody subclasses than cows in the Alum group. The viral neutralization index from serum samples was also higher in the QuilA group. Significant differences were not observed in the avidity of antibodies, except for that of IgG2, which was higher in the serum of cows receiving the Alum formulation. As the IgG1 antibody subclass and its avidity are crucial for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, QuilA might be the optimal adjuvant for producing hyperimmune colostrum in cows. These findings support the use of cows as biofactories of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 or any future emerging and re-emerging viral diseases, with the possibility of simply substituting the subunit antigen in the vaccine formulation. Further tests must be done to evaluate the efficacy of using hyperimmune colostrum as a nutraceutical or purified bovine antibodies as a pharmacological approach for COVID-19 prevention.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030225000608bovine colostrumCOVID-19adjuvantneutralizing antibody
spellingShingle E.B. Gaspar
D.J.B. Orts
H.H.M. Costa
P.E.A. Souza
N.T.B.S. Honório
C.R. Prudêncio
L.P. Silva
C.C. Bonatto
A.P.A. Bastos
P.P. Adriani
G.S. de Oliveira
R. Domingues
E. De Gaspari
A.I. Portilho
M.F. Martins
M.A. Machado
H.M. Brandão
J. Diavão
M.M. Campos
W.A. Carvalho
Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
Journal of Dairy Science
bovine colostrum
COVID-19
adjuvant
neutralizing antibody
title Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
title_full Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
title_fullStr Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
title_full_unstemmed Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
title_short Adjuvant-driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
title_sort adjuvant driven antibody response to use cows as biofactories of anti sars cov 2 neutralizing antibodies in colostrum
topic bovine colostrum
COVID-19
adjuvant
neutralizing antibody
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030225000608
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