Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera
ABSTRACT The evidence that parasitic animals exhibit elevated mitogenomic evolution rates is inconsistent and limited to Arthropoda. Neopsylla hongyangensis Li, Bai et Chen, 1986 (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) feeds on the host's blood and is an important medical insect with plague transmissi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71108 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850280489337749504 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaoxia Lin Ju Pu Wenge Dong |
| author_facet | Xiaoxia Lin Ju Pu Wenge Dong |
| author_sort | Xiaoxia Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The evidence that parasitic animals exhibit elevated mitogenomic evolution rates is inconsistent and limited to Arthropoda. Neopsylla hongyangensis Li, Bai et Chen, 1986 (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) feeds on the host's blood and is an important medical insect with plague transmission. In this study, we sequenced the N. hongyangensis mitogenome and explored the mitogenomic evolution of Siphonaptera and Phthiraptera, which both belong to the Insecta on warm‐blooded animals. The mitogenomes of Siphonaptera are closed‐circular double‐stranded DNA molecules and exhibit highly conserved structural features. In contrast, the mitogenomes of most Phthiraptera species exhibit extensive fragmentation and comprise multiple minichromosomes. We performed a comparative analysis of nucleotide composition, Ka/Ks ratios, and codon usage patterns in Siphonaptera and Phthiraptera mitogenomes. Compared to Phthiraptera with low locomotory capacity, Siphonaptera with high locomotory capacity have higher AT content, slower evolution, and greater influence from natural selection (i.e., micro‐habitat). The mitogenomic evolution of Siphonaptera and Phthiraptera was influenced by locomotory capacity and life history. Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs showed that Ceratophyllidae, Leptopsyllidae, and Ctenophthalmidae were paraphyletic, and Vermipsyllidae, Hystrichopsyllidae, Pulicidae, and Pygiopsyllidae were monophyletic. This study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic evolution of Siphonaptera. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40094e30f49e4ca3abc961ee57bcc6a8 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-40094e30f49e4ca3abc961ee57bcc6a82025-08-20T01:48:44ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-03-01153n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71108Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the PhthirapteraXiaoxia Lin0Ju Pu1Wenge Dong2Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors Dali University Dali Yunnan ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors Dali University Dali Yunnan ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors Dali University Dali Yunnan ChinaABSTRACT The evidence that parasitic animals exhibit elevated mitogenomic evolution rates is inconsistent and limited to Arthropoda. Neopsylla hongyangensis Li, Bai et Chen, 1986 (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) feeds on the host's blood and is an important medical insect with plague transmission. In this study, we sequenced the N. hongyangensis mitogenome and explored the mitogenomic evolution of Siphonaptera and Phthiraptera, which both belong to the Insecta on warm‐blooded animals. The mitogenomes of Siphonaptera are closed‐circular double‐stranded DNA molecules and exhibit highly conserved structural features. In contrast, the mitogenomes of most Phthiraptera species exhibit extensive fragmentation and comprise multiple minichromosomes. We performed a comparative analysis of nucleotide composition, Ka/Ks ratios, and codon usage patterns in Siphonaptera and Phthiraptera mitogenomes. Compared to Phthiraptera with low locomotory capacity, Siphonaptera with high locomotory capacity have higher AT content, slower evolution, and greater influence from natural selection (i.e., micro‐habitat). The mitogenomic evolution of Siphonaptera and Phthiraptera was influenced by locomotory capacity and life history. Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs showed that Ceratophyllidae, Leptopsyllidae, and Ctenophthalmidae were paraphyletic, and Vermipsyllidae, Hystrichopsyllidae, Pulicidae, and Pygiopsyllidae were monophyletic. This study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic evolution of Siphonaptera.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71108evolutionmitogenomeNeopsylla hongyangensisphylogenyplague |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoxia Lin Ju Pu Wenge Dong Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera Ecology and Evolution evolution mitogenome Neopsylla hongyangensis phylogeny plague |
| title | Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera |
| title_full | Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera |
| title_short | Evolution of the Neopsylla hongyangensis Mitogenome: Insights Into the Mitogenomic Evolution of the Orders Siphonaptera and the Phthiraptera |
| title_sort | evolution of the neopsylla hongyangensis mitogenome insights into the mitogenomic evolution of the orders siphonaptera and the phthiraptera |
| topic | evolution mitogenome Neopsylla hongyangensis phylogeny plague |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71108 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaoxialin evolutionoftheneopsyllahongyangensismitogenomeinsightsintothemitogenomicevolutionoftheorderssiphonapteraandthephthiraptera AT jupu evolutionoftheneopsyllahongyangensismitogenomeinsightsintothemitogenomicevolutionoftheorderssiphonapteraandthephthiraptera AT wengedong evolutionoftheneopsyllahongyangensismitogenomeinsightsintothemitogenomicevolutionoftheorderssiphonapteraandthephthiraptera |