Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation

IntroductionSynovial sarcoma (SS) is one of the most prevalent malignant soft tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents. Pediatric populations often present with atypical features, complicating the differentiation from benign intramuscular venous malformations (VMs).​​Case presentationAn 11-year-o...

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Main Authors: Xuan Jiang, Li Hu, Hui Chen, Xi Yang, Xiaoxi Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1615945/full
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author Xuan Jiang
Li Hu
Hui Chen
Xi Yang
Xiaoxi Lin
Xiaoxi Lin
author_facet Xuan Jiang
Li Hu
Hui Chen
Xi Yang
Xiaoxi Lin
Xiaoxi Lin
author_sort Xuan Jiang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSynovial sarcoma (SS) is one of the most prevalent malignant soft tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents. Pediatric populations often present with atypical features, complicating the differentiation from benign intramuscular venous malformations (VMs).​​Case presentationAn 11-year-old male with a four-year history of progressive right plantar pain and a compressible intramuscular mass. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggest VM, due to high signal in T2-weighted images. Sclerotherapy under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed unexpected hyper-vascularity, prompting surgical exploration. Histopathology demonstrated spindle and epithelioid cells with hemangiopericytoma-like morphology and mitotic activity, while SS18-SSX1 gene rearrangement confirmed SS. Chemotherapy was then administered, without recurrence over two years.​​ConclusionSS may clinically and radiographically mimic benign vascular anomalies, particularly in children. Discrepancies in vascular dynamics on DSA and atypical imaging features warrant suspicion for malignancy. Early histopathological validation is critical to prevent diagnostic delays, optimize multimodal therapy, and improve outcomes in this aggressive tumor.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-4006ee57e2db4b5c9bb273d6c6f9a48e2025-08-25T10:23:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-08-011510.3389/fonc.2025.16159451615945Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformationXuan Jiang0Li Hu1Hui Chen2Xi Yang3Xiaoxi Lin4Xiaoxi Lin5Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaIntroductionSynovial sarcoma (SS) is one of the most prevalent malignant soft tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents. Pediatric populations often present with atypical features, complicating the differentiation from benign intramuscular venous malformations (VMs).​​Case presentationAn 11-year-old male with a four-year history of progressive right plantar pain and a compressible intramuscular mass. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggest VM, due to high signal in T2-weighted images. Sclerotherapy under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed unexpected hyper-vascularity, prompting surgical exploration. Histopathology demonstrated spindle and epithelioid cells with hemangiopericytoma-like morphology and mitotic activity, while SS18-SSX1 gene rearrangement confirmed SS. Chemotherapy was then administered, without recurrence over two years.​​ConclusionSS may clinically and radiographically mimic benign vascular anomalies, particularly in children. Discrepancies in vascular dynamics on DSA and atypical imaging features warrant suspicion for malignancy. Early histopathological validation is critical to prevent diagnostic delays, optimize multimodal therapy, and improve outcomes in this aggressive tumor.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1615945/fullsynovial sarcomaintramuscular venous malformationMRIpathological examinationSS18
spellingShingle Xuan Jiang
Li Hu
Hui Chen
Xi Yang
Xiaoxi Lin
Xiaoxi Lin
Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
Frontiers in Oncology
synovial sarcoma
intramuscular venous malformation
MRI
pathological examination
SS18
title Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
title_full Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
title_fullStr Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
title_short Case Report: Diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors: synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
title_sort case report diagnostic pitfalls in soft tissue tumors synovial sarcoma masquerading as venous malformation
topic synovial sarcoma
intramuscular venous malformation
MRI
pathological examination
SS18
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1615945/full
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