Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?

This study intended to understand whether teachers’ perceptions of indoor air quality (IAQ) during classes aligned with the real levels of air pollutants and comfort parameters. For this purpose, an IAQ monitoring survey based on low-cost sensors using a multi-parameter approach was carried out in n...

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Main Authors: Nuno Canha, Carolina Correia, Sergio Mendez, Carla A. Gamelas, Miguel Felizardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1450
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author Nuno Canha
Carolina Correia
Sergio Mendez
Carla A. Gamelas
Miguel Felizardo
author_facet Nuno Canha
Carolina Correia
Sergio Mendez
Carla A. Gamelas
Miguel Felizardo
author_sort Nuno Canha
collection DOAJ
description This study intended to understand whether teachers’ perceptions of indoor air quality (IAQ) during classes aligned with the real levels of air pollutants and comfort parameters. For this purpose, an IAQ monitoring survey based on low-cost sensors using a multi-parameter approach was carried out in nine classrooms (a total of 171 monitored classes) in a Portuguese school. In each monitored class, the perception of IAQ reported by the teacher was assessed using a scale from 1 (very bad IAQ) to 10 (very good IAQ). Several exceedances regarding national legislation were found, with temperature being the parameter with a higher percentage of exceedance in all the studied classrooms (46%), followed by PM<sub>10</sub> (32%), and then CO<sub>2</sub> (27%). Temperature was found to be the only environmental parameter that was significantly associated with lower IAQ perception reported by the teachers, highlighting that typical pollutants such as CO<sub>2</sub> (which can be identified as stuffy air) did not contribute to the teachers’ perceptions.
format Article
id doaj-art-40011bd08ea049b5968ea4e891fed86c
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issn 2073-4433
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Atmosphere
spelling doaj-art-40011bd08ea049b5968ea4e891fed86c2025-08-20T02:56:05ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-12-011512145010.3390/atmos15121450Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?Nuno Canha0Carolina Correia1Sergio Mendez2Carla A. Gamelas3Miguel Felizardo4HyLab—Green Hydrogen Collaborative Laboratory, Estrada Nacional 120-1 Central Termoeléctrica, 7520-089 Sines, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, PortugalThis study intended to understand whether teachers’ perceptions of indoor air quality (IAQ) during classes aligned with the real levels of air pollutants and comfort parameters. For this purpose, an IAQ monitoring survey based on low-cost sensors using a multi-parameter approach was carried out in nine classrooms (a total of 171 monitored classes) in a Portuguese school. In each monitored class, the perception of IAQ reported by the teacher was assessed using a scale from 1 (very bad IAQ) to 10 (very good IAQ). Several exceedances regarding national legislation were found, with temperature being the parameter with a higher percentage of exceedance in all the studied classrooms (46%), followed by PM<sub>10</sub> (32%), and then CO<sub>2</sub> (27%). Temperature was found to be the only environmental parameter that was significantly associated with lower IAQ perception reported by the teachers, highlighting that typical pollutants such as CO<sub>2</sub> (which can be identified as stuffy air) did not contribute to the teachers’ perceptions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1450indoor air qualitylow-cost sensorsschoolsventilationperception
spellingShingle Nuno Canha
Carolina Correia
Sergio Mendez
Carla A. Gamelas
Miguel Felizardo
Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?
Atmosphere
indoor air quality
low-cost sensors
schools
ventilation
perception
title Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?
title_full Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?
title_fullStr Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?
title_short Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms Using Low-Cost Sensors: Does the Perception of Teachers Match Reality?
title_sort monitoring indoor air quality in classrooms using low cost sensors does the perception of teachers match reality
topic indoor air quality
low-cost sensors
schools
ventilation
perception
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1450
work_keys_str_mv AT nunocanha monitoringindoorairqualityinclassroomsusinglowcostsensorsdoestheperceptionofteachersmatchreality
AT carolinacorreia monitoringindoorairqualityinclassroomsusinglowcostsensorsdoestheperceptionofteachersmatchreality
AT sergiomendez monitoringindoorairqualityinclassroomsusinglowcostsensorsdoestheperceptionofteachersmatchreality
AT carlaagamelas monitoringindoorairqualityinclassroomsusinglowcostsensorsdoestheperceptionofteachersmatchreality
AT miguelfelizardo monitoringindoorairqualityinclassroomsusinglowcostsensorsdoestheperceptionofteachersmatchreality