Cosmological stimulated emission

Abstract We study stimulated emission and absorption of gravitons in a squeezed vacuum state immersed in a thermal radiation bath. Employing one-loop interaction-picture perturbation theory, we track the time evolution of the graviton number operator and its expectation value in the squeezed vacuum,...

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Main Author: Atsuhisa Ota
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14523-0
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author Atsuhisa Ota
author_facet Atsuhisa Ota
author_sort Atsuhisa Ota
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We study stimulated emission and absorption of gravitons in a squeezed vacuum state immersed in a thermal radiation bath. Employing one-loop interaction-picture perturbation theory, we track the time evolution of the graviton number operator and its expectation value in the squeezed vacuum, which characterizes the inflationary graviton state. In a Minkowski background with a thermal bath as a toy example, we demonstrate that the net graviton emission or absorption rate depends sensitively on the initial squeezing parameters. As a thought experiment, we consider LIGO/Virgo-like detectors operating in radiation at temperatures of order 0.1 GeV and find that graviton occupation numbers at frequencies of order 100 Hz can be significantly enhanced, suggesting a novel mechanism for amplifying gravitational-wave signals. Although these conditions exceed current experimental capabilities, they point toward potential future advances in detection. Extending our analysis to an expanding, radiation-dominated universe, we show that subhorizon gravitons undergo stimulated absorption, while superhorizon modes exhibit secular logarithmic growth, indicating the breakdown of perturbative methods and motivating further investigation. These findings open a new direction for exploring graviton coherence effects in realistic cosmological and laboratory settings.
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spelling doaj-art-3ff69f762716448f96f2faeda13ee2b02025-08-20T03:06:02ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-07-0185711610.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14523-0Cosmological stimulated emissionAtsuhisa Ota0Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing UniversityAbstract We study stimulated emission and absorption of gravitons in a squeezed vacuum state immersed in a thermal radiation bath. Employing one-loop interaction-picture perturbation theory, we track the time evolution of the graviton number operator and its expectation value in the squeezed vacuum, which characterizes the inflationary graviton state. In a Minkowski background with a thermal bath as a toy example, we demonstrate that the net graviton emission or absorption rate depends sensitively on the initial squeezing parameters. As a thought experiment, we consider LIGO/Virgo-like detectors operating in radiation at temperatures of order 0.1 GeV and find that graviton occupation numbers at frequencies of order 100 Hz can be significantly enhanced, suggesting a novel mechanism for amplifying gravitational-wave signals. Although these conditions exceed current experimental capabilities, they point toward potential future advances in detection. Extending our analysis to an expanding, radiation-dominated universe, we show that subhorizon gravitons undergo stimulated absorption, while superhorizon modes exhibit secular logarithmic growth, indicating the breakdown of perturbative methods and motivating further investigation. These findings open a new direction for exploring graviton coherence effects in realistic cosmological and laboratory settings.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14523-0
spellingShingle Atsuhisa Ota
Cosmological stimulated emission
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Cosmological stimulated emission
title_full Cosmological stimulated emission
title_fullStr Cosmological stimulated emission
title_full_unstemmed Cosmological stimulated emission
title_short Cosmological stimulated emission
title_sort cosmological stimulated emission
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14523-0
work_keys_str_mv AT atsuhisaota cosmologicalstimulatedemission