Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease
Abstract Background Borderline proteinuria is associated with decreased survival in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives Determine the clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats. Animals A total of 201 healthy client‐owned cats ≥7 years of age; 150 nonpr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17257 |
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| author | Femke Mortier Sylvie Daminet Sofie Marynissen Joren Verbeke Dominique Paepe |
| author_facet | Femke Mortier Sylvie Daminet Sofie Marynissen Joren Verbeke Dominique Paepe |
| author_sort | Femke Mortier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Borderline proteinuria is associated with decreased survival in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives Determine the clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats. Animals A total of 201 healthy client‐owned cats ≥7 years of age; 150 nonproteinuric (urinary protein : creatinine ratio [UPC] <0.2) and 51 borderline proteinuric (UPC 0.2‐0.4). Methods Prospective study. Cats were thoroughly screened and subsequently examined every 6 months for 2 years. Kaplan‐Meier curves were compared between nonproteinuric and borderline proteinuric cats. Univariable and multivariable Cox models were fit to determine the relationship between development of renal disease and potential risk factors such as age, sex, breed, weight, dental disease, blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration (sCrea), serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration (sSDMA), blood urea nitrogen concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), and UPC. Results Significantly more cats with borderline proteinuria at inclusion developed renal disease (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] ≥ stage 2 CKD or renal proteinuria; log‐rank P = .004) or died (log‐rank P = .02) within 2 years, compared with nonproteinuric cats. In the multivariate analysis, IRIS stage 1 CKD (persistent USG <1.035 or sSDMA >14 μg/dL; hazard ratio [HR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0‐8.8; P < .001), sCrea ≥1.6 mg/dL (≥140 μmol/L; HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1‐6.4; P = .04), borderline proteinuria (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐5.2; P = .01), and age at inclusion (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.5; P < .001) were significantly associated with diagnosis of renal disease 6 months later. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Borderline proteinuria should receive more attention in healthy mature adult and senior cats because it is associated with renal disease and death. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3fe6680b2d4749d6a0eff99a1790ba4f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-3fe6680b2d4749d6a0eff99a1790ba4f2025-01-27T15:22:41ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-01-01391n/an/a10.1111/jvim.17257Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney diseaseFemke Mortier0Sylvie Daminet1Sofie Marynissen2Joren Verbeke3Dominique Paepe4Small Animal Department Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumSmall Animal Department Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumSmall Animal Department Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumStatsom Bruges BelgiumSmall Animal Department Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumAbstract Background Borderline proteinuria is associated with decreased survival in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives Determine the clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats. Animals A total of 201 healthy client‐owned cats ≥7 years of age; 150 nonproteinuric (urinary protein : creatinine ratio [UPC] <0.2) and 51 borderline proteinuric (UPC 0.2‐0.4). Methods Prospective study. Cats were thoroughly screened and subsequently examined every 6 months for 2 years. Kaplan‐Meier curves were compared between nonproteinuric and borderline proteinuric cats. Univariable and multivariable Cox models were fit to determine the relationship between development of renal disease and potential risk factors such as age, sex, breed, weight, dental disease, blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration (sCrea), serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration (sSDMA), blood urea nitrogen concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), and UPC. Results Significantly more cats with borderline proteinuria at inclusion developed renal disease (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] ≥ stage 2 CKD or renal proteinuria; log‐rank P = .004) or died (log‐rank P = .02) within 2 years, compared with nonproteinuric cats. In the multivariate analysis, IRIS stage 1 CKD (persistent USG <1.035 or sSDMA >14 μg/dL; hazard ratio [HR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0‐8.8; P < .001), sCrea ≥1.6 mg/dL (≥140 μmol/L; HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1‐6.4; P = .04), borderline proteinuria (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐5.2; P = .01), and age at inclusion (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.5; P < .001) were significantly associated with diagnosis of renal disease 6 months later. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Borderline proteinuria should receive more attention in healthy mature adult and senior cats because it is associated with renal disease and death.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17257felinegeriatricmiddle‐agedpredictorsrenalurinary protein : creatinine ratio |
| spellingShingle | Femke Mortier Sylvie Daminet Sofie Marynissen Joren Verbeke Dominique Paepe Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine feline geriatric middle‐aged predictors renal urinary protein : creatinine ratio |
| title | Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease |
| title_full | Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease |
| title_fullStr | Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease |
| title_short | Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease |
| title_sort | clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease |
| topic | feline geriatric middle‐aged predictors renal urinary protein : creatinine ratio |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17257 |
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