Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement

Protein hydrolysis can yield a diversity of bioactive peptides, thus the functional foods containing protein hydrolysates can improve human health. However, the utilization of protein hydrolysates in functional foods is limited for the unpleasant taste attributed to the bitter peptides generated dur...

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Main Authors: Mengzhuo LI, Xueyan DUAN, Junjuan WANG, Xiaoyan ZHAO, Peiyou QIN
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: The editorial department of Science and Technology of Food Industry 2025-03-01
Series:Shipin gongye ke-ji
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Online Access:http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040223
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author Mengzhuo LI
Xueyan DUAN
Junjuan WANG
Xiaoyan ZHAO
Peiyou QIN
author_facet Mengzhuo LI
Xueyan DUAN
Junjuan WANG
Xiaoyan ZHAO
Peiyou QIN
author_sort Mengzhuo LI
collection DOAJ
description Protein hydrolysis can yield a diversity of bioactive peptides, thus the functional foods containing protein hydrolysates can improve human health. However, the utilization of protein hydrolysates in functional foods is limited for the unpleasant taste attributed to the bitter peptides generated during the hydrolysis process. Without reducing the biological activity of protein hydrolysates, further enzymatic hydrolysis by employing aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, or other proteases can effectively attenuate their bitterness, which presents potential applications for developing peptide-based functional foods with low bitterness. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the influencing factors of bitterness in protein hydrolysates, the identification of bitter peptides, and the applications of proteases in reducing bitter peptides and improving food flavor. In this review, the factors affecting the bitterness of protein hydrolysates are comprehensively analyzed, which include the composition of bitter peptides, the degree of protein hydrolysis, the types of proteases and the structure-activity relationship of peptides. Additionally, the applications of high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, bioinformatics model and electronic tongue in identifying bitter peptides are also discussed. This paper emphasizes the synergistic effect of endopeptidase-exopeptidase combination in reducing the bitterness of protein hydrolysates and optimizing food flavor. This review contributes to a reference for enhancing the sensory quality of protein hydrolysates as well as broadening their utilization in functional foods.
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spelling doaj-art-3fe2cbd7d63543bc992eae2a4d526db22025-08-20T01:57:28ZzhoThe editorial department of Science and Technology of Food IndustryShipin gongye ke-ji1002-03062025-03-0146641742610.13386/j.issn1002-0306.20240402232024040223-6Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor ImprovementMengzhuo LI0Xueyan DUAN1Junjuan WANG2Xiaoyan ZHAO3Peiyou QIN4Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaInstitute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaInstitute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaProtein hydrolysis can yield a diversity of bioactive peptides, thus the functional foods containing protein hydrolysates can improve human health. However, the utilization of protein hydrolysates in functional foods is limited for the unpleasant taste attributed to the bitter peptides generated during the hydrolysis process. Without reducing the biological activity of protein hydrolysates, further enzymatic hydrolysis by employing aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, or other proteases can effectively attenuate their bitterness, which presents potential applications for developing peptide-based functional foods with low bitterness. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the influencing factors of bitterness in protein hydrolysates, the identification of bitter peptides, and the applications of proteases in reducing bitter peptides and improving food flavor. In this review, the factors affecting the bitterness of protein hydrolysates are comprehensively analyzed, which include the composition of bitter peptides, the degree of protein hydrolysis, the types of proteases and the structure-activity relationship of peptides. Additionally, the applications of high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, bioinformatics model and electronic tongue in identifying bitter peptides are also discussed. This paper emphasizes the synergistic effect of endopeptidase-exopeptidase combination in reducing the bitterness of protein hydrolysates and optimizing food flavor. This review contributes to a reference for enhancing the sensory quality of protein hydrolysates as well as broadening their utilization in functional foods.http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040223protein hydrolysatesbitternessdebittering methodsexopeptidaseflavor improvement
spellingShingle Mengzhuo LI
Xueyan DUAN
Junjuan WANG
Xiaoyan ZHAO
Peiyou QIN
Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement
Shipin gongye ke-ji
protein hydrolysates
bitterness
debittering methods
exopeptidase
flavor improvement
title Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement
title_full Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement
title_fullStr Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement
title_full_unstemmed Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement
title_short Research Progress on the Bitter Taste Formation Mechanism in Protein Hydrolysates and Their Enzymatic Debittering and Flavor Improvement
title_sort research progress on the bitter taste formation mechanism in protein hydrolysates and their enzymatic debittering and flavor improvement
topic protein hydrolysates
bitterness
debittering methods
exopeptidase
flavor improvement
url http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024040223
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