Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding

In this essay, I attempt to diagnose and show the importance of a structural problem that affects Williamson’s counterfactual epistemology of modality. First, I provide a general, even if somewhat heuristical, description of the requirements that a realist epistemology of modality must fulfil. The...

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Main Author: Mihai RUSU
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Babeș-Bolyai University 2025-08-01
Series:Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai. Philosophia
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Online Access:https://studia.reviste.ubbcluj.ro/index.php/subbphilosophia/article/view/9462
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author Mihai RUSU
author_facet Mihai RUSU
author_sort Mihai RUSU
collection DOAJ
description In this essay, I attempt to diagnose and show the importance of a structural problem that affects Williamson’s counterfactual epistemology of modality. First, I provide a general, even if somewhat heuristical, description of the requirements that a realist epistemology of modality must fulfil. The requirements are analyzed and used for interpreting various controversial choices that Williamson and other philosophers make when theorizing modal knowledge. I then proceed to explain why a more thorough examination of the integration of Williamson’s view of understanding and of his restrictive epistemology of modality leads to the uncovering of a tension that jeopardizes Williamson’s robust realist tenets. I argue that a similar problem (or perhaps different problems with similar underlying reasons) befalls other realist accounts and show why various extant solutions are insufficient. The paper concludes with a reappraisal of the tasks that modal epistemologists have hitherto ignored or treated only collaterally, which may also be interpreted as a critical analysis of the limits of older and newer conceptions of metaphysical modality.
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spelling doaj-art-3fdf340f21cd4579ae2f2c09a85d104c2025-08-20T03:06:20ZdeuBabeș-Bolyai UniversityStudia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai. Philosophia2065-94072025-08-0170210.24193/subbphil.2025.2.03Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and UnderstandingMihai RUSU0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-6987Department of Philosophy, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Email: rusu.mihai@ubbcluj.ro In this essay, I attempt to diagnose and show the importance of a structural problem that affects Williamson’s counterfactual epistemology of modality. First, I provide a general, even if somewhat heuristical, description of the requirements that a realist epistemology of modality must fulfil. The requirements are analyzed and used for interpreting various controversial choices that Williamson and other philosophers make when theorizing modal knowledge. I then proceed to explain why a more thorough examination of the integration of Williamson’s view of understanding and of his restrictive epistemology of modality leads to the uncovering of a tension that jeopardizes Williamson’s robust realist tenets. I argue that a similar problem (or perhaps different problems with similar underlying reasons) befalls other realist accounts and show why various extant solutions are insufficient. The paper concludes with a reappraisal of the tasks that modal epistemologists have hitherto ignored or treated only collaterally, which may also be interpreted as a critical analysis of the limits of older and newer conceptions of metaphysical modality. https://studia.reviste.ubbcluj.ro/index.php/subbphilosophia/article/view/9462modal epistemologyrealismmetaphysical modalityphilosophy of languageunderstandingcounterfactuals
spellingShingle Mihai RUSU
Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding
Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai. Philosophia
modal epistemology
realism
metaphysical modality
philosophy of language
understanding
counterfactuals
title Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding
title_full Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding
title_fullStr Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding
title_full_unstemmed Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding
title_short Counterfactuals, Modal Knowledge, and Understanding
title_sort counterfactuals modal knowledge and understanding
topic modal epistemology
realism
metaphysical modality
philosophy of language
understanding
counterfactuals
url https://studia.reviste.ubbcluj.ro/index.php/subbphilosophia/article/view/9462
work_keys_str_mv AT mihairusu counterfactualsmodalknowledgeandunderstanding