Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review

Background: The analysis of morphine in biological samples is pivotal in clinical and forensic toxicology and indicates drug exposure, metabolism, and toxicological profile.Method: This systematic review explores the recent analytical techniques that have used the detection and quantification of mor...

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Main Authors: Sanaz Pashapour, Kambiz Soltaninejad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2024-09-01
Series:Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25189_3e562539a4452a0af8700b73b39baac3.pdf
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author Sanaz Pashapour
Kambiz Soltaninejad
author_facet Sanaz Pashapour
Kambiz Soltaninejad
author_sort Sanaz Pashapour
collection DOAJ
description Background: The analysis of morphine in biological samples is pivotal in clinical and forensic toxicology and indicates drug exposure, metabolism, and toxicological profile.Method: This systematic review explores the recent analytical techniques that have used the detection and quantification of morphine in forensic toxicological investigations. Articles were collected from PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases from  2011 until 30th September 2024. They were searched using a systematic search of English keywords including: “Morphine” OR “Analysis” OR “Analytical techniques” OR “Analytical innovations” OR “Methods” AND “Biological samples” OR “Biological matrices”. The selection criteria were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses).Results: From 1200 articles detected in the early systematic search, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this study. The results showed that the advanced hyphenated analytical methods couple with mass spectrometry (MS) such as Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and related tandem GC-MS and LC-MS with recent sample preparation methods such as Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME) are the most common analytical methods for detection of morphine in biological samples.Conclusion: Due to increase of morphine abuse as a worldwide concern, use of advanced analytical techniques with high sensitivity and precision in forensic toxicology setting should be recommended.
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spelling doaj-art-3fdc4b5c53e940e99359c0aa1e45445e2025-08-20T02:38:30ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesAsia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology2322-26112322-43202024-09-0113311212010.22038/apjmt.2024.83475.147925189Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic ReviewSanaz Pashapour0Kambiz Soltaninejad1Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, IranDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, IranBackground: The analysis of morphine in biological samples is pivotal in clinical and forensic toxicology and indicates drug exposure, metabolism, and toxicological profile.Method: This systematic review explores the recent analytical techniques that have used the detection and quantification of morphine in forensic toxicological investigations. Articles were collected from PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases from  2011 until 30th September 2024. They were searched using a systematic search of English keywords including: “Morphine” OR “Analysis” OR “Analytical techniques” OR “Analytical innovations” OR “Methods” AND “Biological samples” OR “Biological matrices”. The selection criteria were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses).Results: From 1200 articles detected in the early systematic search, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this study. The results showed that the advanced hyphenated analytical methods couple with mass spectrometry (MS) such as Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and related tandem GC-MS and LC-MS with recent sample preparation methods such as Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME) are the most common analytical methods for detection of morphine in biological samples.Conclusion: Due to increase of morphine abuse as a worldwide concern, use of advanced analytical techniques with high sensitivity and precision in forensic toxicology setting should be recommended.https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25189_3e562539a4452a0af8700b73b39baac3.pdfmorphineanalysisbiological samplesforensic toxicology
spellingShingle Sanaz Pashapour
Kambiz Soltaninejad
Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review
Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
morphine
analysis
biological samples
forensic toxicology
title Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review
title_full Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review
title_short Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review
title_sort morphine analysis in biological samples a systematic review
topic morphine
analysis
biological samples
forensic toxicology
url https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25189_3e562539a4452a0af8700b73b39baac3.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT sanazpashapour morphineanalysisinbiologicalsamplesasystematicreview
AT kambizsoltaninejad morphineanalysisinbiologicalsamplesasystematicreview