Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease
Objective: Particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10), including from bushfire smoke, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. This systematic review assesses how CVD morbidity and mortality is affected by type, duration, and level of ai...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | American Heart Journal Plus |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602225000497 |
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| author | Fariha Islam Sai Keerthana Nukala Pallavi Shrestha Tim Badgery-Parker Fiona Foo |
| author_facet | Fariha Islam Sai Keerthana Nukala Pallavi Shrestha Tim Badgery-Parker Fiona Foo |
| author_sort | Fariha Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10), including from bushfire smoke, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. This systematic review assesses how CVD morbidity and mortality is affected by type, duration, and level of air pollution exposure. Data sources: A search was conducted on Ovid Medline, Embase and Scopus, spanning across 1 January 2012 to 30 July 2022. Primary quantitative studies exploring the effect of PM2.5, PM10 or bushfire smoke on CVD were included. Studies without adjustment for confounding factors were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias (ROB) in the studies, and meta-analysis was conducted on relevant outcomes. Findings: A total 275 studies were obtained, and 80 studies were analysed with diseases ranging from ICD-10 I00-I99. For CVD morbidity, increased PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with 1.92 (95 % CI: 0.58,3.26) years of life lost per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure. Increased PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a 0.52 % (95 % CI: 0.37,0.68) increase in mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure. Bushfire smoke also presented similar trends. Two studies had high ROB, 42 had medium ROB, and 36 had low ROB. There was high heterogeneity between the studies, with I2 values ranging between 88.09 % and 94.25 %. Conclusion: Air pollution including bushfire smoke is associated with increased CVD morbidity and mortality. This effect ranges across different types, durations, and levels of air pollution exposure, making stringent climate change and air pollution mitigation strategies imperative. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3fcf259dbe854fbabec8a814d483fddf |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-6022 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | American Heart Journal Plus |
| spelling | doaj-art-3fcf259dbe854fbabec8a814d483fddf2025-08-20T02:56:12ZengElsevierAmerican Heart Journal Plus2666-60222025-06-015410054610.1016/j.ahjo.2025.100546Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular diseaseFariha Islam0Sai Keerthana Nukala1Pallavi Shrestha2Tim Badgery-Parker3Fiona Foo4Corresponding author at: Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park NSW 2113; Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, AustraliaObjective: Particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10), including from bushfire smoke, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. This systematic review assesses how CVD morbidity and mortality is affected by type, duration, and level of air pollution exposure. Data sources: A search was conducted on Ovid Medline, Embase and Scopus, spanning across 1 January 2012 to 30 July 2022. Primary quantitative studies exploring the effect of PM2.5, PM10 or bushfire smoke on CVD were included. Studies without adjustment for confounding factors were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias (ROB) in the studies, and meta-analysis was conducted on relevant outcomes. Findings: A total 275 studies were obtained, and 80 studies were analysed with diseases ranging from ICD-10 I00-I99. For CVD morbidity, increased PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with 1.92 (95 % CI: 0.58,3.26) years of life lost per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure. Increased PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a 0.52 % (95 % CI: 0.37,0.68) increase in mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure. Bushfire smoke also presented similar trends. Two studies had high ROB, 42 had medium ROB, and 36 had low ROB. There was high heterogeneity between the studies, with I2 values ranging between 88.09 % and 94.25 %. Conclusion: Air pollution including bushfire smoke is associated with increased CVD morbidity and mortality. This effect ranges across different types, durations, and levels of air pollution exposure, making stringent climate change and air pollution mitigation strategies imperative.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602225000497Air pollutionBushfiresCardiovascular diseaseMorbidityMortality |
| spellingShingle | Fariha Islam Sai Keerthana Nukala Pallavi Shrestha Tim Badgery-Parker Fiona Foo Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease American Heart Journal Plus Air pollution Bushfires Cardiovascular disease Morbidity Mortality |
| title | Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease |
| title_full | Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease |
| title_fullStr | Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease |
| title_short | Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the effects of air pollution, including bushfire smoke, on cardiovascular disease |
| title_sort | air pollution and cardiovascular disease a systematic review of the effects of air pollution including bushfire smoke on cardiovascular disease |
| topic | Air pollution Bushfires Cardiovascular disease Morbidity Mortality |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602225000497 |
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