Gd and Zr Co-Doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Magnetic Nanoparticles for Piezo-Photocatalytic Degradation of Ofloxacin
Addressing the limitations of poor piezoelectric photocatalytic activity and insufficient magnetic recovery in pure BiFeO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, Gd and Zr co-doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method. The structural characterization rev...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/792 |
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| Summary: | Addressing the limitations of poor piezoelectric photocatalytic activity and insufficient magnetic recovery in pure BiFeO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, Gd and Zr co-doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method. The structural characterization revealed a rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition with reduced grain size (~35 nm) and lattice distortion due to dopant incorporation. An XPS analysis confirmed Fe<sup>3+</sup> dominance and oxygen vacancy enrichment, while optimized BGFZ9 exhibited enhanced remanent magnetization (0.1753 emu/g, 14.14 increase) compared to undoped BFO. The synergistic piezo-photocatalytic system achieved 81.08% Ofloxacin degradation within 120 min (rate constant: 0.0136 min<sup>−1</sup>, 1.26 higher than BFO) through stress-induced piezoelectric fields that promoted electron transfer for ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>/·OH radical generation via O<sub>2</sub> reduction. The Ofloxacin degradation efficiency decreased to 24.36% after four cycles, with structural integrity confirmed by XRD phase stability. This work demonstrates a triple-optimization mechanism (crystal phase engineering, defect modulation, and magnetic enhancement) for designing magnetically recoverable multiferroic catalysts in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. |
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| ISSN: | 2079-4991 |